北京市流动儿童主观幸福感的特点(1)
【摘 要 】 目的:了解北京市流动儿童主观幸福感的特点及其与城市儿童的差异。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方法,选取4所打工子弟学校、3所混合学校和4所公立学校的小学五六年级和初中一二年级学生,运用幸福感自我评定量表、积极情感/消极情感量表修订版、学生总体生活满意度量表和学生多维生活领域满意度量表对1018名流动儿童和447名城市儿童进行调查。结果:(1)整体上,公立校城市儿童的主观幸福感最高(8.4±1.9),然后依次是混合校城市儿童(8.2±2.1)、混合校流动儿童(7.4±2.3)、打工校流动儿童(6.9±2.7)(F=16.27,P<0.001);(2)流动儿童的总体幸福感得分为7.0±2.6,积极情感得分高于消极情感[(3.0±0.5)vs.(2.3±0.6),P<0.001];(3)流动儿童中,男生对学校的满意度低于女生[(4.5±0.9)vs.(4.7±0.9),P<0.001],而对环境的满意度和总体生活满意度高于女生[(3.7±0.9)vs.(3.5±0.9) ,P<0.01;(2.9±0.7)vs.(2.8±0.7),P<0.05];(4)流动儿童的总体幸福感、总体生活满意度、学校满意度和环境满意度随着年级的升高而逐渐降低,消极情感和自我满意度随着年级的升高而逐渐上升。结论:流动儿童的主观幸福感处于中等水平以上,在公立学校就读的流动儿童主观幸福感高于打工子弟学校中的流动儿童,但都低于城市儿童。
【关键词】 心理卫生;流动儿童;主观幸福感;横断面调查
中图分类号: B844.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-6729(2010)002-0131-05
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2010.02.013
Subjective well-being of immigrant children in Beijing
WANG Rui-Min,ZOU Hong
School of Psychology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875
Corresponding author,WANG Rui-Min,E-mail:wangruimin@bnu.edu.cn
【Abstract】Objective:To explore the subjective well-being(SWB) of immigrant children and the differences betweenurban children andimmigrant children in Beijing. Methods: The SWB Self-evaluating Scale,Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale-Revised Edition,Student Life Satisfaction Scale,and Multidimensional Student Life Satisfaction Scale were administrated to a sample of 1018 immigrant children and 447 urban children in 4 immigrant children schools,3 mixed public schools and 4 public schools in Beijing. Results:(1) On the whole,immigrant children from school for farmer-worker's children(6.9±2.7) and from mixed public school(7.4±2.3) scored lowest on SWB,urban children from mixed public school(8.2±2.1) were placed in the middle,and urban children from public school(8.4±1.9)scored highest(F=16.27,P<0.001).(2) Immigrant children's general well-being score was(7.0±2.6),and their positive affect score was higher than that of negative affect [(3.0±0.5)vs.(2.3±0.6),P<0.001].(3) Boys scored higher in environment satisfaction and general life satisfaction than girls [(3.7±0.9) vs.(3.5±0.9),(2.9±0.7) vs.(2.8±0.7),Ps<0.05],but lower in school satisfaction [(4.5±0.9) vs.(4.7±0.9),P<0.001].(4) Higher grade children had more negative affect and self-satisfaction,but lower in the other aspects. Conclusion: Generally speaking,immigrant children's subjective well-being are above the average level,and immigrant children in mixed public schools have higher score than those in pure immigrant children schools,but both kinds of immigrant children score lower than urban children in subjective well-being.
【Key words】 mental health;immigrant child;subjective well-being;cross-sectional survey
流动儿童是伴随中国民工潮出现的一个特殊群体,是城市的第二代移民,他们随父母或其他监护人在流入地暂时居住。据北京市教委的统计,截至2004年7月,在北京就读的适龄流动儿童有近28.8万,到2006年6月已增至37.5万[1]。适龄流动儿童已经构成了一个快速增长的、庞大的受教育群体,由于流动儿童离开了原有的生活环境,而来到城市以后家庭经济状况、生活环境、受教育资源等普遍比城市儿童要差,其心理健康状况亟待关注。
主观幸福感(Subjective Well-being,SWB)反映的是个体对其生活境况所作的总体评价,可以作为心理健康和社会适应的一个指标。Diener的主观幸福感多层次结构模型,将SWB分为3个层次4个领域,第1层是整体SWB,第2层包括积极情感、消极情感、一般生活满意度和具体领域生活满意度,第3层则是4个领域的具体可操作成分[2]。本研究采用Diener对主观幸福感的多层次结构模型定义,对北京市流动儿童的总体SWB及SWB的4个具体领域进行考查,并比较流动儿童与城市儿童主观幸福感的差异。, http://www.100md.com(王瑞敏 邹 泓)
【关键词】 心理卫生;流动儿童;主观幸福感;横断面调查
中图分类号: B844.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-6729(2010)002-0131-05
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2010.02.013
Subjective well-being of immigrant children in Beijing
WANG Rui-Min,ZOU Hong
School of Psychology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875
Corresponding author,WANG Rui-Min,E-mail:wangruimin@bnu.edu.cn
【Abstract】Objective:To explore the subjective well-being(SWB) of immigrant children and the differences betweenurban children andimmigrant children in Beijing. Methods: The SWB Self-evaluating Scale,Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale-Revised Edition,Student Life Satisfaction Scale,and Multidimensional Student Life Satisfaction Scale were administrated to a sample of 1018 immigrant children and 447 urban children in 4 immigrant children schools,3 mixed public schools and 4 public schools in Beijing. Results:(1) On the whole,immigrant children from school for farmer-worker's children(6.9±2.7) and from mixed public school(7.4±2.3) scored lowest on SWB,urban children from mixed public school(8.2±2.1) were placed in the middle,and urban children from public school(8.4±1.9)scored highest(F=16.27,P<0.001).(2) Immigrant children's general well-being score was(7.0±2.6),and their positive affect score was higher than that of negative affect [(3.0±0.5)vs.(2.3±0.6),P<0.001].(3) Boys scored higher in environment satisfaction and general life satisfaction than girls [(3.7±0.9) vs.(3.5±0.9),(2.9±0.7) vs.(2.8±0.7),Ps<0.05],but lower in school satisfaction [(4.5±0.9) vs.(4.7±0.9),P<0.001].(4) Higher grade children had more negative affect and self-satisfaction,but lower in the other aspects. Conclusion: Generally speaking,immigrant children's subjective well-being are above the average level,and immigrant children in mixed public schools have higher score than those in pure immigrant children schools,but both kinds of immigrant children score lower than urban children in subjective well-being.
【Key words】 mental health;immigrant child;subjective well-being;cross-sectional survey
流动儿童是伴随中国民工潮出现的一个特殊群体,是城市的第二代移民,他们随父母或其他监护人在流入地暂时居住。据北京市教委的统计,截至2004年7月,在北京就读的适龄流动儿童有近28.8万,到2006年6月已增至37.5万[1]。适龄流动儿童已经构成了一个快速增长的、庞大的受教育群体,由于流动儿童离开了原有的生活环境,而来到城市以后家庭经济状况、生活环境、受教育资源等普遍比城市儿童要差,其心理健康状况亟待关注。
主观幸福感(Subjective Well-being,SWB)反映的是个体对其生活境况所作的总体评价,可以作为心理健康和社会适应的一个指标。Diener的主观幸福感多层次结构模型,将SWB分为3个层次4个领域,第1层是整体SWB,第2层包括积极情感、消极情感、一般生活满意度和具体领域生活满意度,第3层则是4个领域的具体可操作成分[2]。本研究采用Diener对主观幸福感的多层次结构模型定义,对北京市流动儿童的总体SWB及SWB的4个具体领域进行考查,并比较流动儿童与城市儿童主观幸福感的差异。, http://www.100md.com(王瑞敏 邹 泓)