服刑人员留守未成年子女的心理健康状况与社会支持(1)
【摘 要】 目的:探讨服刑人员留守未成年子女心理健康与社会支持的基本状况及两者关系。方法:采用方便取样,从某监狱选取服刑人员(已服刑3年以上)留守未成年子女20名为研究组;另外,从本地区一所农村小学、初中和一所城镇小学、初中抽取学生406人,采用最大限度配对法(考虑到城镇和农村、年龄、性别等),选取父亲或父母均在外地工作的学生(留守时间3年以上)20人为对照组。采用心理健康诊断测验(Mental Health Diagnosis ,MHT)和社会支持评定量表(Social support scale,SSRS)对两组学生进行测查。结果:研究组在MHT对人焦虑和身体症状维度上的平均秩次均高于对照组[10.23 vs.4.70,11.50 vs.5.50,均P<0.05],在SSRS各维度得分上两组间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);支持利用度对服刑人员留守未成年子女心理健康状况具有负向预测作用(β=-0.51,P=0.021)。结论:服刑人员留守未成年子女对人焦虑和躯体症状方面的心理问题突出,提高服刑人员留守未成年子女对社会支持利用度有利于改善其心理健康状况。
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【关键词】 服刑人员;留守未成年子女;心理健康;社会支持;对照研究
中图分类号:B844.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-6729(2011)002-0146-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2011.02.015
Social support and mental health of the prisoners' left-behind children
WANG Jian1,PENG Yun-Long2,SUN Xue-Jun3,ZHANG Guang-Yan4
1Weifang Medical University,Weifang 261053,Shandong Province,China 2Kuiwen District Education Bureau of Weifang,Weifang 261041,Shandong Province,China 3Weifang Prison of Shandong,Weifang 261000,Shandong Province,China4Psychology Department of South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China
, 百拇医药
Corresponding author:WANG Jian,pwangj@163.com
【Abstract】Objective:To explore the situation of the mental health of the prisoners' left-behind children and the relationship between social support and their mental health.Methods:Twenty left-behind children of prisoners who were selected from one prison by convenience sampling were divided into the experimental group.Twenty ordinary left-behind children who were selected from 406 primary and middle students were used as control group by maximum matching method.The two groups were assessed with the Social Support Scale and the Mental Health Diagnosis.Results:The scores of anxiety to others and physical symptoms were significantly higher in prisoners' behind children than in the control group [10.23 vs.4.70,11.50 vs.5.50,Ps<0.05].As for the Prisoners' left-home Minor Children,support utilization was a significantly negative predictor for mental health(β=-0.51,P=0.021).Conclusion:The mental health situations of the prisoners' left-behind children are not as good as the ordinary left-behind children.To enhance the utilization of the social support may improve the mental health situations of the prisoners' left-behind children.
, 百拇医药
【Key words】 prisoners;left-behind children;mental health;social support;controlled study
(Chin Ment Health J,2011,25(2):146-149.)
服刑人员未成年子女的是一个特殊的社会弱势群体,他们不但面临着家庭的不完整,生活生存的压力,而且在心理上承受着比同龄人更多的压力。报道显示[1-4],服刑人员未成年子女具有更多的心理问题,如,自卑感强烈,过分敏感,人际交往存在问题等。但关于服刑人员未成年子女的实证研究却不多。白丽英等以福建善恩园中劳教人员未成年子女为研究对象,发现劳教人员的男性未成年子女的人格特征为偏内向、情绪不稳定、社会化水平低;女性未成年子女的人格特征为偏内向、情绪不稳定、倔强孤僻、社会化水平低[5]。薛雷在2009年以西安某儿童村中服刑人员孩子为研究对象,发现服刑家庭儿童青少年情绪问题突出、自信心不足;服刑家庭儿童青少年个性倾向内向,情绪过于敏感、易冲动,情绪稳定性差[6]。以上研究重点关注慈善机构中服刑人员未成年子女的人格特点,未对留守家中,与母亲或其他抚养人住在一起的服刑人员未成年子女的心理状况进行实证研究,也未探讨该群体的心理健康状况及其与其他影响因素(如社会支持)的关系。
社会支持对个体的心理健康具有直接的、普遍的增益作用[7],良好的社会支持能够帮助个体应对应激,减少应激对个体的伤害,或者促使个体采取积极的应对方式,对心身健康起到缓冲器的作用[8]。但是也有的研究显示社会支持与压力、心身健康的关系是相互影响、相互作用的,是一种复杂的交互作用[9]。而服刑人员留守未成年子女这一特殊群体面对特殊的压力,他们的社会支持状况如何,其与心理健康具有怎样的关系,这也是本研究所关注的。, 百拇医药(王健 彭云龙 孙学俊 张广岩)
, http://www.100md.com
【关键词】 服刑人员;留守未成年子女;心理健康;社会支持;对照研究
中图分类号:B844.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-6729(2011)002-0146-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2011.02.015
Social support and mental health of the prisoners' left-behind children
WANG Jian1,PENG Yun-Long2,SUN Xue-Jun3,ZHANG Guang-Yan4
1Weifang Medical University,Weifang 261053,Shandong Province,China 2Kuiwen District Education Bureau of Weifang,Weifang 261041,Shandong Province,China 3Weifang Prison of Shandong,Weifang 261000,Shandong Province,China4Psychology Department of South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China
, 百拇医药
Corresponding author:WANG Jian,pwangj@163.com
【Abstract】Objective:To explore the situation of the mental health of the prisoners' left-behind children and the relationship between social support and their mental health.Methods:Twenty left-behind children of prisoners who were selected from one prison by convenience sampling were divided into the experimental group.Twenty ordinary left-behind children who were selected from 406 primary and middle students were used as control group by maximum matching method.The two groups were assessed with the Social Support Scale and the Mental Health Diagnosis.Results:The scores of anxiety to others and physical symptoms were significantly higher in prisoners' behind children than in the control group [10.23 vs.4.70,11.50 vs.5.50,Ps<0.05].As for the Prisoners' left-home Minor Children,support utilization was a significantly negative predictor for mental health(β=-0.51,P=0.021).Conclusion:The mental health situations of the prisoners' left-behind children are not as good as the ordinary left-behind children.To enhance the utilization of the social support may improve the mental health situations of the prisoners' left-behind children.
, 百拇医药
【Key words】 prisoners;left-behind children;mental health;social support;controlled study
(Chin Ment Health J,2011,25(2):146-149.)
服刑人员未成年子女的是一个特殊的社会弱势群体,他们不但面临着家庭的不完整,生活生存的压力,而且在心理上承受着比同龄人更多的压力。报道显示[1-4],服刑人员未成年子女具有更多的心理问题,如,自卑感强烈,过分敏感,人际交往存在问题等。但关于服刑人员未成年子女的实证研究却不多。白丽英等以福建善恩园中劳教人员未成年子女为研究对象,发现劳教人员的男性未成年子女的人格特征为偏内向、情绪不稳定、社会化水平低;女性未成年子女的人格特征为偏内向、情绪不稳定、倔强孤僻、社会化水平低[5]。薛雷在2009年以西安某儿童村中服刑人员孩子为研究对象,发现服刑家庭儿童青少年情绪问题突出、自信心不足;服刑家庭儿童青少年个性倾向内向,情绪过于敏感、易冲动,情绪稳定性差[6]。以上研究重点关注慈善机构中服刑人员未成年子女的人格特点,未对留守家中,与母亲或其他抚养人住在一起的服刑人员未成年子女的心理状况进行实证研究,也未探讨该群体的心理健康状况及其与其他影响因素(如社会支持)的关系。
社会支持对个体的心理健康具有直接的、普遍的增益作用[7],良好的社会支持能够帮助个体应对应激,减少应激对个体的伤害,或者促使个体采取积极的应对方式,对心身健康起到缓冲器的作用[8]。但是也有的研究显示社会支持与压力、心身健康的关系是相互影响、相互作用的,是一种复杂的交互作用[9]。而服刑人员留守未成年子女这一特殊群体面对特殊的压力,他们的社会支持状况如何,其与心理健康具有怎样的关系,这也是本研究所关注的。, 百拇医药(王健 彭云龙 孙学俊 张广岩)