西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区药用植物资源及其多样性研究(1)
[摘要]该研究是西藏大学农牧学院普查队对芒康县进行中药资源普查的部分调查内容。首次报道了保护区内共有药用植物资源67科202属300种,其中蕨类植物5科5属7种,裸子植物3科4属6种,被子植物6科194属287种。藏药共有47科102属166种。从药用植物资源的科属构成、入药部位、药性、药味、藏药的应用、有毒药用植物及新的植物6个方面进行了多样性统计分析,提出了开发利用和保护的具体建议,为该区药用植物资源的可持续利用和系统研究提供可靠的科学依据。
[关键词]自然保护区;药用植物;多样性;开发和保护
[收稿日期]2014-08-30
[基金项目]西藏自治区中(藏)药资源普查项目(20120716-540000)
[通信作者]*兰小中,教授,Tel:(0894)5826471,E-mail: lanxiaozhong@163.com
, 百拇医药
[作者简介]余奇,硕士研究生,Tel:18989047033,E-mail: yuqi0102@yeah.netStudy on medicinal plant resources and diversity in Rhinopithecus
bieti national natural reserve of Markam in Tibet
YU Qi1,2, QUAN Hong1,2, ZHENG Wei-lie1,2, LIAO Zhi-hua2,3, LAN Xiao-zhong1,2*
(1. Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet University, Nyingchi 860000, China;
2. Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet University-Southwest University, Medicinal Plants Joint
, http://www.100md.com
Research and Development Centre, Nyingchi 860000, China;
3. School of Life Science, Southwest Universiy, Chongqing 400715, China)
[Abstract]This research was a part of the investigation of traditional Chinese medicine resources survey in Markam. The medicinal plants in natural reserve were studied for the first in this paper. There were 300 species in 202 genera of 54 families, among them there were 7 species of ferns in 5 genera of 5 families, 6 species of gymnosperms in 4 genera of 3 families, and 287 species of angiosperms in 194 genera of 61 families. There were 166 species Tibetan medicinal plants in 102 genera of 47 families. Quantitative analysis was carried out in 6 aspects of family and genus composition, medicinal parts, drug properties, flavour of a drug, Tibetan medicine, toxicity and new plants. The concrete suggestions of protection and exploitation were put forward. which provided scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of medicinal plants in this area.
, http://www.100md.com
[Key words]natural reserve; medicinal plants; biodiversity; exploitation and protection
doi:10.4268/cjcmm20150301野生药用植物资源是中药学研究的一项主要内容,是保证中医药事业可持续发展的重要前提[1]。由于西藏独特的地理条件,大气污染程度较低,加之较强的紫外线辐射,各种植物的光合强度较高,积累的有效成分较多,尤其是高海拔地区的药用植物,其药用价值也相对较高[2]。关于芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区药用植物资源及其多样性研究至今未见报道,鉴于此,本文旨在通过对保护区野生药用植物资源的调查,进一步摸清野生药用植物资源分布规律及其多样性特征,为保护区药用植物资源的保护、开发利用及系统研究提供可靠的科学依据。
1研究区概况
西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区位于西藏最东端的芒康县境内。东与嘎托镇、帮达乡、徐中乡、门巴乡相连,南与云南省为界,西与木许乡、曲孜卡乡、曲登乡相接,北与如美镇相邻。保护区介于98°20′—98°59′E,28°48′—29°40′N,主要以红拉山为主,东西宽约30 km,南北长96 km,总面积185 300 hm2,共分为2个核心区、4个缓冲区及2个实验区[3-4]。保护区具有相对高差大、纬度较低、强烈深切、地形破碎的地形特征。地势由北向南倾斜,主山脊海拔均在4 500 m以上,最高山峰阿弄海拔5 450 m。河谷地区的海拔仅有2 300~3 000 m,谷坡坡度多在35°以上。山高、谷狭、坡陡,高山峡谷相间,裸露岩石与山底原始森林镶嵌,是保护区最为典型的地貌特点。保护区平均海拔3 500~4 500 m,冬季温暖、干燥;夏季温暖、湿润。年降水和温度的分布极不均匀,具有典型的山地气候特点。本地区最大降水在海拔3 600~4 000 m,是森林植被在东西坡面分布的主要地带;河谷低地受焚风的影响,降水较少,温度高,蒸发量大,气候燥热,具温暖半干旱的气候。本区年平均温度8~12 ℃,≥10 ℃天数为150~180 d,最暖月平均温度10~18 ℃,年极端最低气温-23 ℃。干燥度为1.01~1.5。主要河流有金沙江、澜沧江及两江支流。该区土壤水平地带分布属山地淋溶土亚地带,由于形成土壤的生物气候条件复杂,其土壤类型多样。土壤主要有褐土、灰褐土、山地棕壤、暗棕壤、亚高山草甸土和高山寒漠土6种类型组成。植被类型主要有阔叶林、针叶林、灌丛和草甸。保护区植物垂直带与自然垂直景观明显,生态系统独特,它是中国罕见的低纬度,高海拔的保护区之一,是中国高原林区宝贵的生物多样性的物种基因库,具有很高的自然保护和科研价值。, http://www.100md.com(余奇 权红 郑维列 廖志华 兰小中)
[关键词]自然保护区;药用植物;多样性;开发和保护
[收稿日期]2014-08-30
[基金项目]西藏自治区中(藏)药资源普查项目(20120716-540000)
[通信作者]*兰小中,教授,Tel:(0894)5826471,E-mail: lanxiaozhong@163.com
, 百拇医药
[作者简介]余奇,硕士研究生,Tel:18989047033,E-mail: yuqi0102@yeah.netStudy on medicinal plant resources and diversity in Rhinopithecus
bieti national natural reserve of Markam in Tibet
YU Qi1,2, QUAN Hong1,2, ZHENG Wei-lie1,2, LIAO Zhi-hua2,3, LAN Xiao-zhong1,2*
(1. Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet University, Nyingchi 860000, China;
2. Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet University-Southwest University, Medicinal Plants Joint
, http://www.100md.com
Research and Development Centre, Nyingchi 860000, China;
3. School of Life Science, Southwest Universiy, Chongqing 400715, China)
[Abstract]This research was a part of the investigation of traditional Chinese medicine resources survey in Markam. The medicinal plants in natural reserve were studied for the first in this paper. There were 300 species in 202 genera of 54 families, among them there were 7 species of ferns in 5 genera of 5 families, 6 species of gymnosperms in 4 genera of 3 families, and 287 species of angiosperms in 194 genera of 61 families. There were 166 species Tibetan medicinal plants in 102 genera of 47 families. Quantitative analysis was carried out in 6 aspects of family and genus composition, medicinal parts, drug properties, flavour of a drug, Tibetan medicine, toxicity and new plants. The concrete suggestions of protection and exploitation were put forward. which provided scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of medicinal plants in this area.
, http://www.100md.com
[Key words]natural reserve; medicinal plants; biodiversity; exploitation and protection
doi:10.4268/cjcmm20150301野生药用植物资源是中药学研究的一项主要内容,是保证中医药事业可持续发展的重要前提[1]。由于西藏独特的地理条件,大气污染程度较低,加之较强的紫外线辐射,各种植物的光合强度较高,积累的有效成分较多,尤其是高海拔地区的药用植物,其药用价值也相对较高[2]。关于芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区药用植物资源及其多样性研究至今未见报道,鉴于此,本文旨在通过对保护区野生药用植物资源的调查,进一步摸清野生药用植物资源分布规律及其多样性特征,为保护区药用植物资源的保护、开发利用及系统研究提供可靠的科学依据。
1研究区概况
西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区位于西藏最东端的芒康县境内。东与嘎托镇、帮达乡、徐中乡、门巴乡相连,南与云南省为界,西与木许乡、曲孜卡乡、曲登乡相接,北与如美镇相邻。保护区介于98°20′—98°59′E,28°48′—29°40′N,主要以红拉山为主,东西宽约30 km,南北长96 km,总面积185 300 hm2,共分为2个核心区、4个缓冲区及2个实验区[3-4]。保护区具有相对高差大、纬度较低、强烈深切、地形破碎的地形特征。地势由北向南倾斜,主山脊海拔均在4 500 m以上,最高山峰阿弄海拔5 450 m。河谷地区的海拔仅有2 300~3 000 m,谷坡坡度多在35°以上。山高、谷狭、坡陡,高山峡谷相间,裸露岩石与山底原始森林镶嵌,是保护区最为典型的地貌特点。保护区平均海拔3 500~4 500 m,冬季温暖、干燥;夏季温暖、湿润。年降水和温度的分布极不均匀,具有典型的山地气候特点。本地区最大降水在海拔3 600~4 000 m,是森林植被在东西坡面分布的主要地带;河谷低地受焚风的影响,降水较少,温度高,蒸发量大,气候燥热,具温暖半干旱的气候。本区年平均温度8~12 ℃,≥10 ℃天数为150~180 d,最暖月平均温度10~18 ℃,年极端最低气温-23 ℃。干燥度为1.01~1.5。主要河流有金沙江、澜沧江及两江支流。该区土壤水平地带分布属山地淋溶土亚地带,由于形成土壤的生物气候条件复杂,其土壤类型多样。土壤主要有褐土、灰褐土、山地棕壤、暗棕壤、亚高山草甸土和高山寒漠土6种类型组成。植被类型主要有阔叶林、针叶林、灌丛和草甸。保护区植物垂直带与自然垂直景观明显,生态系统独特,它是中国罕见的低纬度,高海拔的保护区之一,是中国高原林区宝贵的生物多样性的物种基因库,具有很高的自然保护和科研价值。, http://www.100md.com(余奇 权红 郑维列 廖志华 兰小中)