配伍甘草对大黄泻下作用影响的研究进展(1)
[摘要]大黄是一味常用大宗药材,临床上配伍应用非常广泛。蒽醌类物质为其泻下作用主要活性成分,中医认为大黄泻下峻猛为大黄的毒性。有着“国老”美誉的甘草,一直被认为是解毒圣药,缓和药性,调和诸药。该文将大黄配伍甘草减毒作用分为煎煮过程、肠道代谢2个环节,分别从化学成分、肠道菌群、Ⅰ/Ⅱ相代谢、药物转运方面综述近年来大黄配伍甘草减毒的研究进展。二者配伍的物质基础和机制仍不完全清楚,甚至有相左的结果出现,有待深入研究。
[关键词]大黄;甘草;配伍;代谢
Advance in studies on effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in relieving
purgative activity of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma
SU Bin, LI Xiao-bo*
, 百拇医药
(School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)
[Abstract]Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, as a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely applied in clinic. Its major purgative constituent is anthraquinones, which are believed to be a toxic ingredient. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma has been reputed as the best alexipharmic to moderate medicine natures. In this paper, the effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in relieving purgative activity of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was studied in two aspects-the boiling process and intestinal metabolism; Studies on combined administration of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma in recent years were summarized according to chemical constituent, intestinal flora, I/II phase metabolism and drug transport. However, the material basis and mechanism for their compatibility remain unclear, further studies will be made in the future.
, 百拇医药
[Key words]Rhei Radix et Rhizoma; Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma; compatibility; metabolism
doi:10.4268/cjcmm20150402
大黄性寒、味苦,有泻下攻积、清热泻火,凉血解毒、逐瘀通经、利湿退黄功效[1]。中医临床常用于实热便秘,食积痞满腹痛或泻痢里急后重,头痛目赤,牙龈肿痛,口舌生疮,吐血,衄血,瘀血经闭,产后瘀阻,癥瘕积聚,黄疸,水肿,热淋,痈肿疮毒等病证。大黄自古就有“将军”之称,临床取其泻下攻积治疗便秘,广为人知。与不同药物配伍使用有更广的临床作用[2],与甘草配伍如《金匮要略》的大黄甘草汤(大黄、甘草)、《伤寒论》的调胃承气汤(大黄、芒硝、甘草) 。甘草味甘、性平,可缓急止痛,调和药性。《本经疏证》云:凡为方二百五十,甘草者百二十方,非甘草主病多,乃诸方必和甘草,始能曲当病情[3],故有“十方九草”之说。甘草“通经脉,利血气,解百药毒”,大黄配伍甘草,大黄峻猛之力可缓行,可治胃肠邪热积滞之大便不通、发斑、口齿咽痛等症,如《伤寒论》中的调胃承气汤[4]。
, http://www.100md.com
大黄为蓼科植物掌叶大黄Rheum palmatum L唐古特大黄R tanguicum Maximex Balf,或药用大黄R officinale Baill的干燥根和根茎[1]。其主要成分为蒽醌类(结构式见图1)物质。目前已从大黄中分离得到不同种类的200多个化合物,有蒽醌及其苷类、蒽酮及其苷类、二苯乙烯类、多糖类、鞣质类等[5-6]。其中蒽醌类及其衍生物分为游离型和结合型。游离型包括大黄素(emodin)、大黄酸(rhein)、芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)、大黄酚(chrysophanol)、大黄素甲醚(physcion)等,结合型主要包括蒽醌苷和双蒽酮苷,包括大黄素-8-葡萄糖苷(emodin-8-glucoside)、芦荟大黄素-8-葡萄糖苷(aloe-emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)、大黄酚-8-葡萄糖苷(chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)、大黄素甲醚-8-葡萄糖苷(physcion-8-glucoside)、番泻苷(sennoside)A,B,C,D,E,F等。大黄中的蒽醌物质一般以结合状态为多[5,7]。结合蒽醌通过水解或代谢,可以转化为其对应的游离蒽醌和糖类。甘草为豆科植物甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch、胀果甘草G. inflate Bat或光果甘草G. glabra L的干燥根和根茎[1]。甘草的主要有效成分是黄酮类和三萜皂苷。已从甘草中分离得到84个黄酮类化合物,主要以异黄酮和二氢黄酮类居多,60多个三萜皂苷类化合物及15个多糖类成分[8]。甘草常作佐使药入多种中药复方,其“调和百药”特性除调和药物性能外,重要的是对药效的调和,主要体现在3个方面:增效、缓效、解毒[9]。研究证实甘草可增强其他药物成分的有效性和减少中药复方的毒性,其主要成分也可能会引起涉及CYP同工酶、P-糖蛋白(P-gp)相关的代谢相互作用[10]。, 百拇医药(苏彬 李晓波)
[关键词]大黄;甘草;配伍;代谢
Advance in studies on effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in relieving
purgative activity of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma
SU Bin, LI Xiao-bo*
, 百拇医药
(School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)
[Abstract]Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, as a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely applied in clinic. Its major purgative constituent is anthraquinones, which are believed to be a toxic ingredient. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma has been reputed as the best alexipharmic to moderate medicine natures. In this paper, the effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in relieving purgative activity of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was studied in two aspects-the boiling process and intestinal metabolism; Studies on combined administration of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma in recent years were summarized according to chemical constituent, intestinal flora, I/II phase metabolism and drug transport. However, the material basis and mechanism for their compatibility remain unclear, further studies will be made in the future.
, 百拇医药
[Key words]Rhei Radix et Rhizoma; Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma; compatibility; metabolism
doi:10.4268/cjcmm20150402
大黄性寒、味苦,有泻下攻积、清热泻火,凉血解毒、逐瘀通经、利湿退黄功效[1]。中医临床常用于实热便秘,食积痞满腹痛或泻痢里急后重,头痛目赤,牙龈肿痛,口舌生疮,吐血,衄血,瘀血经闭,产后瘀阻,癥瘕积聚,黄疸,水肿,热淋,痈肿疮毒等病证。大黄自古就有“将军”之称,临床取其泻下攻积治疗便秘,广为人知。与不同药物配伍使用有更广的临床作用[2],与甘草配伍如《金匮要略》的大黄甘草汤(大黄、甘草)、《伤寒论》的调胃承气汤(大黄、芒硝、甘草) 。甘草味甘、性平,可缓急止痛,调和药性。《本经疏证》云:凡为方二百五十,甘草者百二十方,非甘草主病多,乃诸方必和甘草,始能曲当病情[3],故有“十方九草”之说。甘草“通经脉,利血气,解百药毒”,大黄配伍甘草,大黄峻猛之力可缓行,可治胃肠邪热积滞之大便不通、发斑、口齿咽痛等症,如《伤寒论》中的调胃承气汤[4]。
, http://www.100md.com
大黄为蓼科植物掌叶大黄Rheum palmatum L唐古特大黄R tanguicum Maximex Balf,或药用大黄R officinale Baill的干燥根和根茎[1]。其主要成分为蒽醌类(结构式见图1)物质。目前已从大黄中分离得到不同种类的200多个化合物,有蒽醌及其苷类、蒽酮及其苷类、二苯乙烯类、多糖类、鞣质类等[5-6]。其中蒽醌类及其衍生物分为游离型和结合型。游离型包括大黄素(emodin)、大黄酸(rhein)、芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)、大黄酚(chrysophanol)、大黄素甲醚(physcion)等,结合型主要包括蒽醌苷和双蒽酮苷,包括大黄素-8-葡萄糖苷(emodin-8-glucoside)、芦荟大黄素-8-葡萄糖苷(aloe-emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)、大黄酚-8-葡萄糖苷(chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)、大黄素甲醚-8-葡萄糖苷(physcion-8-glucoside)、番泻苷(sennoside)A,B,C,D,E,F等。大黄中的蒽醌物质一般以结合状态为多[5,7]。结合蒽醌通过水解或代谢,可以转化为其对应的游离蒽醌和糖类。甘草为豆科植物甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch、胀果甘草G. inflate Bat或光果甘草G. glabra L的干燥根和根茎[1]。甘草的主要有效成分是黄酮类和三萜皂苷。已从甘草中分离得到84个黄酮类化合物,主要以异黄酮和二氢黄酮类居多,60多个三萜皂苷类化合物及15个多糖类成分[8]。甘草常作佐使药入多种中药复方,其“调和百药”特性除调和药物性能外,重要的是对药效的调和,主要体现在3个方面:增效、缓效、解毒[9]。研究证实甘草可增强其他药物成分的有效性和减少中药复方的毒性,其主要成分也可能会引起涉及CYP同工酶、P-糖蛋白(P-gp)相关的代谢相互作用[10]。, 百拇医药(苏彬 李晓波)