赤芝不同部位油脂组成分析(1)
[摘要]收集不同产地、品种、采收部位和潮次的赤芝孢子粉和子实体，对其含油率、脂肪酸组成进行测定分析，结果表明：全国不同产地的破壁孢子粉含油率为23.61%～34.17%;浙江主栽赤芝品种子实体含油率为0.81%～1.87%，未破壁孢子粉为0.07%～0.24%，破壁孢子粉为27.54%～34.17%，赤芝孢子粉含油率远远大于子实体，破壁加工可提高孢子粉中油脂提取率150～340倍。赤芝孢子油主要由不饱和脂肪酸组成，其中油酸和亚油酸质量分数分别为53.26%～58.16%，10.69%～16.87%;偏最小二乘法判别分析显示，孢子粉和子实体的脂肪酸组成存在明显差异，通过测定脂肪酸组成，尤其是油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸的含量，可以鉴别赤芝类产品来源的组织类型。研究还发现同一品种赤芝1潮孢子粉和子实体中含油率和脂肪酸含量均高于2潮。
[关键词]孢子粉;子实体;含油率;脂肪酸组成;鉴别
Analysis of fatty composition from different parts of Ganoderma lucidum
LI Jing-jing1， LIU Jing-jing1*， SI Jin-ping1 ， CAO Long-shu2
(1.Nurturing Station for State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture， Research and development Center for
Natural Medicine， Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University， Lin′an 311300， China;
2. Zhejiang Senzhibao Biotechnology Co.， LTD. Longquan 323700， China)
[Abstract]The oil content and fatty acid composition of Ganoderma lucidum collected from different producing areas， varieties， tissue types and growth periods were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the oil content was 23.61%-34.17% in different domestic producing areas of China; the oil content of fruiting bodies from major varieties cultured in Zhejiang province were 0.81%-1.87%， wall-unbroken spores were 0.07%-0.24%， wall-broken spores were 27.54%-34.17%， so the oil content of wall-unbroken spores were much higher than fruiting bodies， and wall-breaking treatment would increase the oil extraction rate 150-340 times. G. lucidum spores oil was mainly composed of unsaturated fatty acid composition. oleic acid and linoleic content were 53.26%-58.16% and 10.69%-16.87% respectively. Fatty acid composition ratio of spores and fruiting bodies were significantly different by PLS-DA. Determining the composition of fatty acid， especially the content of oleic acid， stearic acid and palmitic acid， could identify the tissue types of G. lucidum products′ sources. In addition， the study result showed that the spores and fruiting bodies collected in the first year contained richer oil and fatty acid than second year′s samples from the same variety of G. lucidum.
[Key words]spores; fruiting bodies; oil content; fatty acid composition; identification
doi：10.4268/cjcmm20151424
赤芝为多孔菌科Polyproraceae灵芝属Ganoderma真菌，是传统的名贵中药材，始载于《神农本草经》，列为上品[1]。灵芝传统药用部位为子实体，灵芝孢子是灵芝子实体发育后期弹射释放出的生殖细胞，近年来随着产粉灵芝品种的推广以及套筒采集技术的发明与应用，灵芝孢子粉的产量大幅度提高，保健功能及药用价值日益受到重视[2-3]。灵芝孢子油是从灵芝孢子中萃取得到的油脂状物，具有免疫调节、降低血脂、抗化学性肝损伤等活性，广泛应用于保健食品[4-7]。本文采用GC-MS研究赤芝孢子油和子实体油脂中脂肪酸组成的变异规律，采用判别分析等化学模式识别技术，对赤芝不同部位的油脂化学特征进行分类或描述，为赤芝孢子粉和子实体超微粉等产品的鉴别及质量评价提供理论依据。 (李静静 刘京晶 斯金平 曹隆枢)
[关键词]孢子粉;子实体;含油率;脂肪酸组成;鉴别
Analysis of fatty composition from different parts of Ganoderma lucidum
LI Jing-jing1， LIU Jing-jing1*， SI Jin-ping1 ， CAO Long-shu2
(1.Nurturing Station for State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture， Research and development Center for
Natural Medicine， Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University， Lin′an 311300， China;
2. Zhejiang Senzhibao Biotechnology Co.， LTD. Longquan 323700， China)
[Abstract]The oil content and fatty acid composition of Ganoderma lucidum collected from different producing areas， varieties， tissue types and growth periods were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the oil content was 23.61%-34.17% in different domestic producing areas of China; the oil content of fruiting bodies from major varieties cultured in Zhejiang province were 0.81%-1.87%， wall-unbroken spores were 0.07%-0.24%， wall-broken spores were 27.54%-34.17%， so the oil content of wall-unbroken spores were much higher than fruiting bodies， and wall-breaking treatment would increase the oil extraction rate 150-340 times. G. lucidum spores oil was mainly composed of unsaturated fatty acid composition. oleic acid and linoleic content were 53.26%-58.16% and 10.69%-16.87% respectively. Fatty acid composition ratio of spores and fruiting bodies were significantly different by PLS-DA. Determining the composition of fatty acid， especially the content of oleic acid， stearic acid and palmitic acid， could identify the tissue types of G. lucidum products′ sources. In addition， the study result showed that the spores and fruiting bodies collected in the first year contained richer oil and fatty acid than second year′s samples from the same variety of G. lucidum.
[Key words]spores; fruiting bodies; oil content; fatty acid composition; identification
doi：10.4268/cjcmm20151424
赤芝为多孔菌科Polyproraceae灵芝属Ganoderma真菌，是传统的名贵中药材，始载于《神农本草经》，列为上品[1]。灵芝传统药用部位为子实体，灵芝孢子是灵芝子实体发育后期弹射释放出的生殖细胞，近年来随着产粉灵芝品种的推广以及套筒采集技术的发明与应用，灵芝孢子粉的产量大幅度提高，保健功能及药用价值日益受到重视[2-3]。灵芝孢子油是从灵芝孢子中萃取得到的油脂状物，具有免疫调节、降低血脂、抗化学性肝损伤等活性，广泛应用于保健食品[4-7]。本文采用GC-MS研究赤芝孢子油和子实体油脂中脂肪酸组成的变异规律，采用判别分析等化学模式识别技术，对赤芝不同部位的油脂化学特征进行分类或描述，为赤芝孢子粉和子实体超微粉等产品的鉴别及质量评价提供理论依据。 (李静静 刘京晶 斯金平 曹隆枢)