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狭叶獐牙菜的化学成分研究(1)
http://www.100md.com 2015年9月15日 《中国中药杂志》2015年第18期
     [摘要] 对龙胆科 Gentianaceae 獐牙菜属植物狭叶獐牙菜Swertia angustifolia Buch.-Ham 90%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分进行化学成分研究。采用各种柱色谱法对其进行分离纯化,得到14个化合物,包括4个酮及其苷,7个芳香类,1个木质素和2个其他类化合物。通过波谱数据分析(1H-NMR,13C-NMR,MS) 和文献对照分别鉴定为1,8-二羟基-3,7-二甲氧基酮(1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone,1),1,8-二羟基-3,5,7-三甲氧基酮(1,8-dihydroxy-3,5,7-trimethoxyxanthone,2),7-羟基-3,8-二甲氧基- 酮-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7-hydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyxanthone-1-O-β-D- glucopyranoside,3),8-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]-1,7-二羟基-3-甲氧基酮(8-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone,4),(+)-丁香脂素((+)-syringaresinol,5),阿魏酸(ferulic acid,6),松柏醛(trans-coniferyl aldehyde,7),芥子醛(sinapaldehyde,8),松柏醇(trans-coniferyl alcohol,9),3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid,10),邻羟基苯甲酸(2-hydroxybenzoic acid,11),间苯二甲酸(isophthalic acid,12),2-糠酸(2-furoic acid,13),2-甲基-4(3H)-喹唑酮(2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone,14)。其中化合物2~14为首次从狭叶獐牙菜中分离得到。

    [关键词] 狭叶獐牙菜;酮;芳香化合物;木质素

    Chemical constituents of Swertia angustifolia

    HE Kang, CAO Tuan-wu, WANG Hong-ling, GENG Chang-an, ZHANG Xue-mei, CHEN Ji-jun*

    (State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China)

    [Abstact] This present work is to study the chemical constituents of Swertia angustifolia. The whole plants of air-dried Swertia angustifolia was extracted with 90% EtOH. The water extract was suspended in H2O and extracted with petroleum ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH, successively. The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography from the EtOAc fraction, and identified based on spectral analyses(MS,1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). Fourteen compounds were isolated and characterized as 1, 8-dihydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyxanthone(1), 1, 8-dihydroxy-3, 5, 7-trimethoxyxanthone(2), 7-hydroxy-3, 8-dimethoxyxanthone-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3), 8-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-6) -β-D-glucopyranosyl]-1, 7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone(4),(+)-syringaresinol(5), ferulic acid(6), trans-coniferyl aldehyde(7), sinapaldehyde(8), trans-coniferyl alcohol(9), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid(10), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid(11), isophthalic acid(12), 2-furoic acid(13),and 2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone(14). Compounds 2-14 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

    [Key words] Swertia angustifolia; xanthones; phenols; lignin

    doi:10.4268/cjcmm20151817

    狭叶獐牙菜Swertia angustifolia Buch.-Ham 为龙胆科Gentianaceae 獐牙菜属植物,一年生草本,在中国主要分布在云南、广西、贵州、湖南、江西、广东、福建等地。克什米尔地区、印度、尼泊尔、不丹、锡金、越南也有分布[1]。在中国民族民间作为傈僳药全草用于治疗急性黄疸型肝炎,胆囊炎;作为拉祜药全株治疗黄疸型肝炎;作为苗药全草治疗病毒性肝炎[2];且在云南民间用来代替青叶胆作为抗肝炎药使用[3-4]。目前对狭叶獐牙菜的化学成分研究不多,已报道其含有裂环烯醚萜、三萜、酮等化合物[4-8]。本文对狭叶獐牙菜90%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分进行了化学成分研究。结果从中分离鉴定了14个化合物,包括4个酮及其苷、7个芳香类、1个木质素和2个其他类化合物。化合物2~14均为首次从狭叶獐牙菜中分离得到。 (何康 曹团武 王洪玲 耿长安 张雪梅 陈纪军)
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