中药广陈皮与新会皮药名出现年代考(1)
[摘要] 广陈皮是中国传统道地药材，广东陈皮的简称，作为道地中药使用历史悠久。“广陈皮”的道地药名在宋代文献中比较罕见，但经笔者考证其另有别名“真橘皮”、“真陈皮”，提前了“广陈皮”作为道地药材使用的起源时间，而之前有学者认为是源于明代李时珍的《本草纲目》。广陈皮历来是“广药”中的大宗药品，畅销海内外，为各地医生推崇和群众喜爱。广陈皮在2016年入选广东省首批立法保护的8种岭南药材之一。新会皮做为广陈皮中的上品，两者经常可以互相指代，特别到了清代，很多地方出现广陈皮即是指新会皮，所以它们也有共同的发展脉络，但新会皮也有其独特的道地药史。2006年10月，国家质检总局正式批准并公告新会陈皮产品为国家地理标志产品。
[关键词] 广陈皮； 新会皮； 真橘皮； 真陈皮
[Abstract] Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae is the traditional Chinese herbal medicine， and has been used for a long history. The authentic drug name Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae was rare in the Song Dynasty literature， but from the textual research of the authors， it was otherwise nicknamed as "real orange peel" or "real tangerine peel". These two names were ahead of the origin of Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae. Some scholars believe that the name Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae was from the Ming Dynasty Dr. Lishizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica. Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae has always had the bulk sales of Guangdong medicines and has been sold at home and abroad， with popularity among the doctors and the masses. In 2016， it was selected as one of 8 Lingnan herbal medicines in the first legislative protection medicines in Guangdong province. Xinhui Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae is the top grade of Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae， and these two can often refer to each other. Especially in Qing Dynasty， Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae often referred to Xinhui Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae. Therefore， they have a common development grain， but Xinhui Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae has a unique history of genuine regional drug. In October 2006， the National Quality Inspection Administration formally approved and announced that Xinhui Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae as one of national geographical indication products.
, http://www.100md.com
[Key words] Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae； Xinhui Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae； real orange peel； real tangerine peel
傳统中药陈皮因道地广东而得名广陈皮，广陈皮也可称为“广皮”、“广橘皮”，是陈皮中的上品。而新会陈皮又是广陈皮中的上品，被称为“新会皮”、“会皮”倍受医家推崇。关于广陈皮和新会皮的历史众说纷云，有传说有史实，但所言都不全，未全面反映广陈皮和新会皮的历史。有学者认为广陈皮作为道地药材的使用源于明代李时珍的《本草纲目》(1578 年)·果部第三十卷·果之二·橘：“今天下多以广中来者为胜，江西者次之”[1]，如：魏莹《陈皮本草考证》[2]，魏裕涛《浅谈道地广陈皮与普通陈皮之差别》[3]。但经笔者考证其另有别名“真橘皮”、“真陈皮”出现在宋代的中医药典籍中，如：吴彦夔《传信适用方》(1180年)、王璆《是斋百一选方》(1196年)、李迅《集验背疽方》(撰于1196年)，比明代李时珍早了许多，从而将广陈皮的道地历史向前推至宋代。 广陈皮在古代是用柑橘取皮晒干制成，并无细分“柑皮”、“橘皮”。明李时珍《本草纲目》·果部第三十卷·果之二·柑：“藏器曰：柑有朱柑、黄柑、乳柑、石柑、沙柑，橘有朱橘、乳橘、塌橘、山橘、黄淡子。此辈皮皆去气调中，实俱堪食，就中以乳柑为上也。”[1]这是李时珍引唐代医家陈藏器的话，说明柑皮和橘皮都可以入药理气调中。明代张正烈《正字通》·卷五·辰集中·木部·二十七·柑：“今概收为陈皮，盖药用橘皮，而南方橘柑相似故不分也。”[4]在南方柑橘果相似，所以多不区分，柑皮、橘皮皆可药用做陈皮。, 百拇医药(赖昌林 吴鸿 倪根金)
[关键词] 广陈皮； 新会皮； 真橘皮； 真陈皮
[Abstract] Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae is the traditional Chinese herbal medicine， and has been used for a long history. The authentic drug name Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae was rare in the Song Dynasty literature， but from the textual research of the authors， it was otherwise nicknamed as "real orange peel" or "real tangerine peel". These two names were ahead of the origin of Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae. Some scholars believe that the name Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae was from the Ming Dynasty Dr. Lishizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica. Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae has always had the bulk sales of Guangdong medicines and has been sold at home and abroad， with popularity among the doctors and the masses. In 2016， it was selected as one of 8 Lingnan herbal medicines in the first legislative protection medicines in Guangdong province. Xinhui Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae is the top grade of Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae， and these two can often refer to each other. Especially in Qing Dynasty， Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae often referred to Xinhui Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae. Therefore， they have a common development grain， but Xinhui Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae has a unique history of genuine regional drug. In October 2006， the National Quality Inspection Administration formally approved and announced that Xinhui Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae as one of national geographical indication products.
, http://www.100md.com
[Key words] Guangdong Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae； Xinhui Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae； real orange peel； real tangerine peel
傳统中药陈皮因道地广东而得名广陈皮，广陈皮也可称为“广皮”、“广橘皮”，是陈皮中的上品。而新会陈皮又是广陈皮中的上品，被称为“新会皮”、“会皮”倍受医家推崇。关于广陈皮和新会皮的历史众说纷云，有传说有史实，但所言都不全，未全面反映广陈皮和新会皮的历史。有学者认为广陈皮作为道地药材的使用源于明代李时珍的《本草纲目》(1578 年)·果部第三十卷·果之二·橘：“今天下多以广中来者为胜，江西者次之”[1]，如：魏莹《陈皮本草考证》[2]，魏裕涛《浅谈道地广陈皮与普通陈皮之差别》[3]。但经笔者考证其另有别名“真橘皮”、“真陈皮”出现在宋代的中医药典籍中，如：吴彦夔《传信适用方》(1180年)、王璆《是斋百一选方》(1196年)、李迅《集验背疽方》(撰于1196年)，比明代李时珍早了许多，从而将广陈皮的道地历史向前推至宋代。 广陈皮在古代是用柑橘取皮晒干制成，并无细分“柑皮”、“橘皮”。明李时珍《本草纲目》·果部第三十卷·果之二·柑：“藏器曰：柑有朱柑、黄柑、乳柑、石柑、沙柑，橘有朱橘、乳橘、塌橘、山橘、黄淡子。此辈皮皆去气调中，实俱堪食，就中以乳柑为上也。”[1]这是李时珍引唐代医家陈藏器的话，说明柑皮和橘皮都可以入药理气调中。明代张正烈《正字通》·卷五·辰集中·木部·二十七·柑：“今概收为陈皮，盖药用橘皮，而南方橘柑相似故不分也。”[4]在南方柑橘果相似，所以多不区分，柑皮、橘皮皆可药用做陈皮。, 百拇医药(赖昌林 吴鸿 倪根金)