中国产紫苏果实形态特征研究张琛武(1)
[摘要]该文对55份中国产紫苏的果实形态特征(粒径、百粒重、颜色、硬度、表面脊纹高度)进行了描述和统计分析。经聚类分析可以分为6个大类,分别是:Ⅰ,大粒(粒径15 mm以上及百粒重016 g以上),脊纹低,硬;Ⅱ,大粒,脊纹低,软;Ⅲ,大粒,脊纹高,软,白色;Ⅳ,大粒,脊纹高,灰褐色或深褐色; Ⅴ,小粒(粒径15 mm以下及百粒重016 g以下),脊纹低,硬,多深褐色;Ⅵ,小粒,脊纹低,硬,黄棕色。其中38份果实种植后获得植株,其中31份可归为紫苏变种,4份回回苏变种,3份野生紫苏变种; 从紫苏叶化学型归类,29份为PK型,3份PA型,2份PL型,2份PP型,1份EK型,1份PAPK型。符合药典规定形态的药材紫苏子来自于栽培紫苏,但来自栽培紫苏的紫苏子不一定都符合药典规定的形态特征。具白色果皮的白苏子主要来自于紫色叶的栽培紫苏。小粒、脊纹低、质地硬、黄棕色或深褐色的果实形态具有较大可能为PA型紫苏,且主要为回回苏变种。
[关键词]紫苏果实; 形态; 聚类分析; 多元主成分分析; 挥发油化学型; 紫苏子
, 百拇医药
[Abstract]The morphological traits of 55 Chinese Perilla fruit samples (size, 100 grains weight, color, hardness, surface ridge height) are described and the statistically analyzed. It can be divided into 6 categories by cluster analysis, namely: Ⅰ, big grain (diameter 1.5 mm above and 100 grains weight above 0.16 g), low ridge, hard; Ⅱ, big grain, low ridge, soft; Ⅲ, big grain, high ridge, soft, fruit; Ⅳ, big grain. high ridge, gray brown or dark brown; Ⅴ, small grain (diameter 1.5 mm below and 100 grain weight 0.16 g below), low ridge, hard, dark brown; Ⅵ, small grain, low ridge, hard, yellow brown. The 38 fruit samples were planted, among which 31 ones were P. frutescens var. frutescens, 4 ones P. frutescens var. crispa and 3 ones P. frutescens var. acuta. By chemotype classification, they were 29 PK type, 3 PA type, 2 PL type, 2 PP type, 1 EK type and 1 PAPK type. According the description of herb Perillae Fructus in China Pharmacopoeia, the plant originates from P. frutescens var. frutescens. In contrast, not all fruits of P. frutescens var. frutescens have accord features. The fruits with white pericarp are mainly from P. frutescens var. frutescens with purple leaves. The materials with small grain, low ridge, hard, yellow brown or dark brown, are likely to be PA type and mainly P. frutescens var. crispa.
, http://www.100md.com
[Key words]Perilla fruit; morphology; cluster analysis; multiple principal component analysis; chemical type of volatile oil; Perillae Fructus
紫蘇Perilla frutescens(L)Britt是唇形科一年生草本植物,《中国植物志》记载种下4个变种,分别为栽培类型的紫苏P frutescens var frutescens(L)Britt(传统所述的栽培紫苏和白苏被合并入该变种,为区别于种名称,本文称为栽培紫苏变种)和回回苏P frutescens var crispa(Thunb)HandMazz 2个变种,以及野生类型的野生紫苏P frutescens var acuta(Thunb)Kudo, 耳齿紫苏P frutescens var auriculatodentata CYWu et Hsuan ex HWLi,其中耳齿紫苏变种为少见类型。《中国药典》收载有来源于紫苏的3个药材,紫苏叶、紫苏子和紫苏梗,均规定其来源植物为紫苏P frutescens(L)Britt,未做种下变异类型的规定。我国从《证类本草》中就区别紫苏和白苏,前者叫苏,后者叫荏,荏不能当苏使用,谢宗万经过考证品种,认为药用的紫苏叶来自紫色叶的栽培紫苏P frutescens var argute(本文称紫叶栽培紫苏变种),以叶两面紫色或背面紫色为特征,区别于白苏P frutescens var frutescens(本文称为绿叶栽培紫苏变种),而紫苏子来自于紫叶栽培紫苏P frutescens var argute和野生紫苏P frutescens var acuta,尤以后者为主,特征为小而色黄黑[1]。《中国药典》在紫苏叶和紫苏子的药材性状部分记载与谢宗万叙述的特征大致相同,但符合药典描述的叶片还应包括野生紫苏,因为野生紫苏包括叶两面紫色、叶背面深紫色、叶背面淡紫色和叶两面绿色4种情况,而谢宗万认为野生紫苏仅有叶背面紫色较淡的情况[1]。野生紫苏和回回苏子又被认为是紫苏子的地方习用品或伪品[1,34]。紫苏种下变异的多样性,以及叶和果实形态的多样性使得紫苏叶和紫苏子的来源和真伪鉴别方面一直比较混乱[3,5],本文对搜集于国内市场的几十份紫苏果实材料进行形态和微形态描述和分类,然后将部分果实种植获得植株进行了种下变种归类,并测定了紫苏叶挥发油后进行了化学型归类。然后进行分类间的分析。, http://www.100md.com(魏长玲 张芬 田景 陈安家 郭宝林)
[关键词]紫苏果实; 形态; 聚类分析; 多元主成分分析; 挥发油化学型; 紫苏子
, 百拇医药
[Abstract]The morphological traits of 55 Chinese Perilla fruit samples (size, 100 grains weight, color, hardness, surface ridge height) are described and the statistically analyzed. It can be divided into 6 categories by cluster analysis, namely: Ⅰ, big grain (diameter 1.5 mm above and 100 grains weight above 0.16 g), low ridge, hard; Ⅱ, big grain, low ridge, soft; Ⅲ, big grain, high ridge, soft, fruit; Ⅳ, big grain. high ridge, gray brown or dark brown; Ⅴ, small grain (diameter 1.5 mm below and 100 grain weight 0.16 g below), low ridge, hard, dark brown; Ⅵ, small grain, low ridge, hard, yellow brown. The 38 fruit samples were planted, among which 31 ones were P. frutescens var. frutescens, 4 ones P. frutescens var. crispa and 3 ones P. frutescens var. acuta. By chemotype classification, they were 29 PK type, 3 PA type, 2 PL type, 2 PP type, 1 EK type and 1 PAPK type. According the description of herb Perillae Fructus in China Pharmacopoeia, the plant originates from P. frutescens var. frutescens. In contrast, not all fruits of P. frutescens var. frutescens have accord features. The fruits with white pericarp are mainly from P. frutescens var. frutescens with purple leaves. The materials with small grain, low ridge, hard, yellow brown or dark brown, are likely to be PA type and mainly P. frutescens var. crispa.
, http://www.100md.com
[Key words]Perilla fruit; morphology; cluster analysis; multiple principal component analysis; chemical type of volatile oil; Perillae Fructus
紫蘇Perilla frutescens(L)Britt是唇形科一年生草本植物,《中国植物志》记载种下4个变种,分别为栽培类型的紫苏P frutescens var frutescens(L)Britt(传统所述的栽培紫苏和白苏被合并入该变种,为区别于种名称,本文称为栽培紫苏变种)和回回苏P frutescens var crispa(Thunb)HandMazz 2个变种,以及野生类型的野生紫苏P frutescens var acuta(Thunb)Kudo, 耳齿紫苏P frutescens var auriculatodentata CYWu et Hsuan ex HWLi,其中耳齿紫苏变种为少见类型。《中国药典》收载有来源于紫苏的3个药材,紫苏叶、紫苏子和紫苏梗,均规定其来源植物为紫苏P frutescens(L)Britt,未做种下变异类型的规定。我国从《证类本草》中就区别紫苏和白苏,前者叫苏,后者叫荏,荏不能当苏使用,谢宗万经过考证品种,认为药用的紫苏叶来自紫色叶的栽培紫苏P frutescens var argute(本文称紫叶栽培紫苏变种),以叶两面紫色或背面紫色为特征,区别于白苏P frutescens var frutescens(本文称为绿叶栽培紫苏变种),而紫苏子来自于紫叶栽培紫苏P frutescens var argute和野生紫苏P frutescens var acuta,尤以后者为主,特征为小而色黄黑[1]。《中国药典》在紫苏叶和紫苏子的药材性状部分记载与谢宗万叙述的特征大致相同,但符合药典描述的叶片还应包括野生紫苏,因为野生紫苏包括叶两面紫色、叶背面深紫色、叶背面淡紫色和叶两面绿色4种情况,而谢宗万认为野生紫苏仅有叶背面紫色较淡的情况[1]。野生紫苏和回回苏子又被认为是紫苏子的地方习用品或伪品[1,34]。紫苏种下变异的多样性,以及叶和果实形态的多样性使得紫苏叶和紫苏子的来源和真伪鉴别方面一直比较混乱[3,5],本文对搜集于国内市场的几十份紫苏果实材料进行形态和微形态描述和分类,然后将部分果实种植获得植株进行了种下变种归类,并测定了紫苏叶挥发油后进行了化学型归类。然后进行分类间的分析。, http://www.100md.com(魏长玲 张芬 田景 陈安家 郭宝林)