补骨脂的安全性评价与风险控制措施探讨(1)
[摘要]该文通过全面系统的国内外文献和信息研究,对补骨脂进行本草溯源及考证、追溯古今文献关于补骨脂的毒性记载、分析与补骨脂用药相关的临床不良事件案例报道以及近年来补骨脂相关的毒性实验研究,从而对补骨脂及相关制剂的安全性进行了系统分析,初步总结了与补骨脂及其制剂的安全性相关病例的临床特点及潜在的风险因素;研究发现,84例补骨脂临床不良事件病例报道的患者,其损伤主要表现为肝损害(5595%)和光毒性接触性皮炎(3810%),提示补骨脂可能存在肝损害和光毒性的安全性问题;毒性试验研究发现,补骨脂制剂可能存在生殖毒性和肾损害的安全性问题,但目前尚未发现相关的临床病例报告;补骨脂的成分复杂,目前其毒性成分和机制尚不明确;并提出临床应用补骨脂类制剂时应严格规范使用并合理炮制、配伍,加强医师的指导作用,加强补骨脂及相关制剂的安全性监测、积极开展安全性相关的基础和临床研究,以更好指导临床安全用药,充分发挥疗效规避用药风险。
[关键词]补骨脂; 安全性评价; 不良反应; 风险控制
[Abstract]Through a systematic and comprehensive study of domestic and foreign literatures and information, this study aims to trace the herbal origin and the toxicity recorded in ancient and current documents, analyze the safety case reports of Psoralea corylifolia and experimental studies on toxicity in recent years, and make a preliminary summary about the clinical characteristics and potential risk factors of cases related to the safety of P corylifolia and its preparations The study involved 84 patients in the safety case reports of P corylifolia The adverse events were mainly liver damage (5595%) and light toxic contact dermatitis (3810%), sugguesting that P corylifolia may lead to liver damage and phototoxicity However, reproductive toxicity and renal damage were only reported in animal studies, but not in clinical reports Because of its complicated ingredients, the toxic components and mechanisms of P corylifolia havenot been clear at present Therefore, the authors proposed to strictly apply P. corylifolia in clinic, use it rationally and combine it with other medications Besides, efforts shall be made to strength the guidance for doctors, the safety monitoring of P. corylifolia and relevant preparations, and actively carry out safetyrelated basic and clinical studies, so as to give a better guidance to safe medication, full exert the efficacy and avoid the medication risk.
[Key words]Psoralea corylifolia; safety evaluation; adverse drug reaction; risk control
補骨脂,又名破故纸、胡韭子、胡故子等。收载于2015年版《中国药典》,本品为豆科植物补骨脂Psoralea corylifolia L的干燥成熟果实,秋季果实成熟时采收果序,晒干,搓出果实,除去杂质。其味辛、苦,性温,归肾、脾经。温肾助阳,纳气平喘,温脾止泻;外用消风祛斑。用于肾阳不足,阳痿遗精,遗尿尿频,腰膝冷痛,肾虚作喘,五更泄泻;外用治白癜风,斑秃。其用法用量为6~10 g,外用20%~30%酊剂涂于患处[1]。目前该药广泛应用于临床,随着我国药品安全监测体系的建立和发展,近年来发现与药材和制剂安全性相关的个案病例报告。为全面了解其安全性,笔者从源流品种考证、古今文献毒性记载及毒性研究等方面进行了初步分析,提出控制用药风险的相关对策。
1补骨脂源流及品种考证
通过补骨脂有关古文献的溯源,发现补骨脂自古广泛用于临床,有关其品种及来源古今并无争议。考证补骨脂之渊源,最早出现于南北朝刘宋时期的《雷公炮炙论》:“凡使,性本大燥,毒,用酒浸一宿后,漉出,却用东流水浸三日夜,却,蒸,从巳至申,出,日干用”。但书中并未做其他描述。历代方书、本草中记载补骨脂的别名较少,“胡韭子”(《南州记》)、“婆固脂、破故纸”(《药性论》)、“补骨鸱”(《本草图经》)、“黑故子,胡故子”(《中药志》)。胡人称之为婆固脂,蕃人称之为补骨鸱,后分别讹为“破故纸”及“补骨脂”,《本草纲目》记载因其子之状相似故称为胡韭子。补骨脂主要产于四川、河南,安徽、陕西等地亦产,现将主产于四川者称为“川故子”,主产于河南者称为“怀故子”,川补骨脂较小。《开宝本草》记载:“生广南诸州及波斯国。树高三四尺,叶小似薄荷。其舶上来者最佳。”《日华子本草》曰“南蕃者色赤,广南者色绿”。补骨脂品种并无争议,入药品种为豆科植物补骨脂P. corylifolia。自补骨脂载于《开宝本草》[2]之后,历代本草均沿袭对补骨脂的功效进行了记载:如“主五劳七伤,风虚冷,骨髓伤败,肾冷精流及妇人血气堕胎”(《开宝本草》);“兴阳事、治冷劳、明耳目”(《日华子本草》);“治肾泄,通命门,暖丹田,敛精神”(《本草纲目》);“主男子腰疼,膝冷囊湿,逐诸冷痹顽,止小便利,腹中冷”(《药性论》);“治虚寒喘嗽”(《医林纂要》)等。, 百拇医药(田文杨 兰姗 张力 孙露 黄举凯 杨晓晖 孙桂波 高学敏 孙晓波)
[关键词]补骨脂; 安全性评价; 不良反应; 风险控制
[Abstract]Through a systematic and comprehensive study of domestic and foreign literatures and information, this study aims to trace the herbal origin and the toxicity recorded in ancient and current documents, analyze the safety case reports of Psoralea corylifolia and experimental studies on toxicity in recent years, and make a preliminary summary about the clinical characteristics and potential risk factors of cases related to the safety of P corylifolia and its preparations The study involved 84 patients in the safety case reports of P corylifolia The adverse events were mainly liver damage (5595%) and light toxic contact dermatitis (3810%), sugguesting that P corylifolia may lead to liver damage and phototoxicity However, reproductive toxicity and renal damage were only reported in animal studies, but not in clinical reports Because of its complicated ingredients, the toxic components and mechanisms of P corylifolia havenot been clear at present Therefore, the authors proposed to strictly apply P. corylifolia in clinic, use it rationally and combine it with other medications Besides, efforts shall be made to strength the guidance for doctors, the safety monitoring of P. corylifolia and relevant preparations, and actively carry out safetyrelated basic and clinical studies, so as to give a better guidance to safe medication, full exert the efficacy and avoid the medication risk.
[Key words]Psoralea corylifolia; safety evaluation; adverse drug reaction; risk control
補骨脂,又名破故纸、胡韭子、胡故子等。收载于2015年版《中国药典》,本品为豆科植物补骨脂Psoralea corylifolia L的干燥成熟果实,秋季果实成熟时采收果序,晒干,搓出果实,除去杂质。其味辛、苦,性温,归肾、脾经。温肾助阳,纳气平喘,温脾止泻;外用消风祛斑。用于肾阳不足,阳痿遗精,遗尿尿频,腰膝冷痛,肾虚作喘,五更泄泻;外用治白癜风,斑秃。其用法用量为6~10 g,外用20%~30%酊剂涂于患处[1]。目前该药广泛应用于临床,随着我国药品安全监测体系的建立和发展,近年来发现与药材和制剂安全性相关的个案病例报告。为全面了解其安全性,笔者从源流品种考证、古今文献毒性记载及毒性研究等方面进行了初步分析,提出控制用药风险的相关对策。
1补骨脂源流及品种考证
通过补骨脂有关古文献的溯源,发现补骨脂自古广泛用于临床,有关其品种及来源古今并无争议。考证补骨脂之渊源,最早出现于南北朝刘宋时期的《雷公炮炙论》:“凡使,性本大燥,毒,用酒浸一宿后,漉出,却用东流水浸三日夜,却,蒸,从巳至申,出,日干用”。但书中并未做其他描述。历代方书、本草中记载补骨脂的别名较少,“胡韭子”(《南州记》)、“婆固脂、破故纸”(《药性论》)、“补骨鸱”(《本草图经》)、“黑故子,胡故子”(《中药志》)。胡人称之为婆固脂,蕃人称之为补骨鸱,后分别讹为“破故纸”及“补骨脂”,《本草纲目》记载因其子之状相似故称为胡韭子。补骨脂主要产于四川、河南,安徽、陕西等地亦产,现将主产于四川者称为“川故子”,主产于河南者称为“怀故子”,川补骨脂较小。《开宝本草》记载:“生广南诸州及波斯国。树高三四尺,叶小似薄荷。其舶上来者最佳。”《日华子本草》曰“南蕃者色赤,广南者色绿”。补骨脂品种并无争议,入药品种为豆科植物补骨脂P. corylifolia。自补骨脂载于《开宝本草》[2]之后,历代本草均沿袭对补骨脂的功效进行了记载:如“主五劳七伤,风虚冷,骨髓伤败,肾冷精流及妇人血气堕胎”(《开宝本草》);“兴阳事、治冷劳、明耳目”(《日华子本草》);“治肾泄,通命门,暖丹田,敛精神”(《本草纲目》);“主男子腰疼,膝冷囊湿,逐诸冷痹顽,止小便利,腹中冷”(《药性论》);“治虚寒喘嗽”(《医林纂要》)等。, 百拇医药(田文杨 兰姗 张力 孙露 黄举凯 杨晓晖 孙桂波 高学敏 孙晓波)