Rad51与癌症(3)
2.5 Rad51与其它
Natrajan等[40]研究表明,在膀胱移行细胞中,15q15上的Rad51基因可能是15号染色体短臂上的抑癌基因。Figueroa等[41]研究发现,在膀胱癌中大多数的突变基因是Rad51和XRCC2的单核苷酸多态性。Han等[42]在利用eDNA微阵列鉴定样本中胰腺癌基因表达情况的实验中,证实Rad51基因表达明显升高,甚至超过对照组11倍。目前已筛选出部分野生型Rad51升高的肿瘤样本。瘤细胞内Rad51蛋白水平的异常升高,可造成肿瘤对放疗及化疗的抵抗,包括射线、顺铂、氮芥、苯丁酸氮芥、丝裂霉素C、羟基脲、吉西他滨等。研究中分化级别各组、Dukes分期各阶段组、淋巴结转移对比组间的表达差异。Maacke等[43]研究发现Rad51是胰腺癌的肿瘤相关及特异性抗原。杨乐平等[44]研究发现Rad51在小鼠胰腺癌中的表达与非肿瘤组织相比明显更高。
综上所述,Rad51作为同源重组的关键蛋白,其DNA、mRNA及蛋白水平的改变都可影响各种肿瘤的发生、发展。然而,它是否直接影响及如何影响肿瘤的发生及演进尚待进一步研究。Rad51的低表达或不表达可能造成胚胎的死亡,而过表达可能引起肿瘤的发生及肿瘤对放化疗的不敏感,因此,衡量正常人体内Rad51量的范围有待进一步探索。由于Rad51的过表达可导致重组修复失控,基因组的不稳定以及肿瘤细胞对放化疗的抵抗作用,以Rad51作为靶点,有可能发展成为肿瘤治疗的新方法。
, http://www.100md.com
参考文献
[1]Kawabata,M., Kawabata, T. and Nishibori, M. Role of recA/Rad51 family proteins in mammals.Acta Med.Okayama,2005,59(1):1-9
[2]袁瑛,叶俊,董琦,等。DNA修得基因Rad51表达调控区结构分析[J]。中华医学遗传学杂志,2004,21(3):248-251
[3]zhang H,Tombline G,Weber BL.BRCA1,BRCA2,and DNA damage tesponse:collision or collision or collusion.Cell,1998,92:433-436
[4]李百龙,崔建国,黄越承,等。PTEN基因表达对辐射诱发小鼠胸腺瘤细胞生物学行为的影响[J]。第二军医大学学报,2008,29(8):888-891
, 百拇医药
[5]Lazaro-Trueba I,Arias C,Silva A.Double bilt regulation of Rad51 by P53:a role for transcriptional repression[J].Cell Cycle,2006,5:1062-1065
[6]Liu y,Masson JY,Shah R,et al.RAD51C is required for Holliday junction processing in mammalian cells[J].Science,2004,303:243-246
[7]Hansen LT,Lundin C,Spang-Thomsenm,et al.The role of Rad51 in etoposide(VP16) resistance in small cell lung cancer[J].Int J Cancer,2003,105:472-479
, http://www.100md.com
[8]Lee SA,Roques C,Magwood AC,et al.Recovery of deficient homologous recombination in Brca-depleted mouse cells by wildtype Rad51 expression[J].DNA Repair(Amst),2009,8(2):170-181
[9]Klein H,The consequence of Rad51 overexpression for normal and tumor cells[J]. DNA Repair(Amst),2008,7:686-693
[10]Lazaro-Trueba I,Arias c,Silva A.Double bolt regulation of Rad51 by P53:a role for transcriptional repression[J].Cell Cycle,2006,5:1062-1065
, 百拇医药
[11]Martin RW,Connell PP,Bishop DK,et al.The Yin and Yang of treating BRCA-deficient tumor[J].Cancer,2008,67:9658-9665
[12]Shrivastav M,Deharo LP,Nickoloff JA.Regulation of DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice[J].Cell Res,2008,18(1):134-147
[13]姚薇,陈伟,陈怡明,等。DNA双链断裂修复Rad51在喉癌中的表达意义[J]。临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2007,21(2):540-542
[14]Lu J,Wang LE,Xiong P,et al.172G>T variant in the 5untranslated region of DNA repair gene Rad51 reduces risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and interacts with a p53 codon 72 variant[J].Carcinogenesis,2007,28(5):988-94
, 百拇医药
[15]Werbrouck J,De Ruyck K,Duprez F,et al.Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA double-stand break repair genes:association with tobacco use and alcohol consumption[J].Mutat Res,Res,2008,656(1-2):74-81
[16]Cho EY,Hildeshei MA,Chen C,et al.Nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gentic polymorphisms of DNA repair enzymes XRCC1 and hOGG1[J].Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,2003,12(10):1100-1104
[17]戴穹,杨志惠,叶运莉,等。中国四川人群DNA修复基因X射线修复交叉互补基因1-Arg399Gin多态性与鼻咽癌风险的关系[J]。中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2007,11(30):5861-5864
[18]Cao Y,Miao XP,Huang MY,et al.Polymorphisms of XRCC1 genes and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the Cantones population[J].BMC Cancer,2006,6:167, http://www.100md.com(罗胜权(综述) 刘庚勋(审校))
Natrajan等[40]研究表明,在膀胱移行细胞中,15q15上的Rad51基因可能是15号染色体短臂上的抑癌基因。Figueroa等[41]研究发现,在膀胱癌中大多数的突变基因是Rad51和XRCC2的单核苷酸多态性。Han等[42]在利用eDNA微阵列鉴定样本中胰腺癌基因表达情况的实验中,证实Rad51基因表达明显升高,甚至超过对照组11倍。目前已筛选出部分野生型Rad51升高的肿瘤样本。瘤细胞内Rad51蛋白水平的异常升高,可造成肿瘤对放疗及化疗的抵抗,包括射线、顺铂、氮芥、苯丁酸氮芥、丝裂霉素C、羟基脲、吉西他滨等。研究中分化级别各组、Dukes分期各阶段组、淋巴结转移对比组间的表达差异。Maacke等[43]研究发现Rad51是胰腺癌的肿瘤相关及特异性抗原。杨乐平等[44]研究发现Rad51在小鼠胰腺癌中的表达与非肿瘤组织相比明显更高。
综上所述,Rad51作为同源重组的关键蛋白,其DNA、mRNA及蛋白水平的改变都可影响各种肿瘤的发生、发展。然而,它是否直接影响及如何影响肿瘤的发生及演进尚待进一步研究。Rad51的低表达或不表达可能造成胚胎的死亡,而过表达可能引起肿瘤的发生及肿瘤对放化疗的不敏感,因此,衡量正常人体内Rad51量的范围有待进一步探索。由于Rad51的过表达可导致重组修复失控,基因组的不稳定以及肿瘤细胞对放化疗的抵抗作用,以Rad51作为靶点,有可能发展成为肿瘤治疗的新方法。
, http://www.100md.com
参考文献
[1]Kawabata,M., Kawabata, T. and Nishibori, M. Role of recA/Rad51 family proteins in mammals.Acta Med.Okayama,2005,59(1):1-9
[2]袁瑛,叶俊,董琦,等。DNA修得基因Rad51表达调控区结构分析[J]。中华医学遗传学杂志,2004,21(3):248-251
[3]zhang H,Tombline G,Weber BL.BRCA1,BRCA2,and DNA damage tesponse:collision or collision or collusion.Cell,1998,92:433-436
[4]李百龙,崔建国,黄越承,等。PTEN基因表达对辐射诱发小鼠胸腺瘤细胞生物学行为的影响[J]。第二军医大学学报,2008,29(8):888-891
, 百拇医药
[5]Lazaro-Trueba I,Arias C,Silva A.Double bilt regulation of Rad51 by P53:a role for transcriptional repression[J].Cell Cycle,2006,5:1062-1065
[6]Liu y,Masson JY,Shah R,et al.RAD51C is required for Holliday junction processing in mammalian cells[J].Science,2004,303:243-246
[7]Hansen LT,Lundin C,Spang-Thomsenm,et al.The role of Rad51 in etoposide(VP16) resistance in small cell lung cancer[J].Int J Cancer,2003,105:472-479
, http://www.100md.com
[8]Lee SA,Roques C,Magwood AC,et al.Recovery of deficient homologous recombination in Brca-depleted mouse cells by wildtype Rad51 expression[J].DNA Repair(Amst),2009,8(2):170-181
[9]Klein H,The consequence of Rad51 overexpression for normal and tumor cells[J]. DNA Repair(Amst),2008,7:686-693
[10]Lazaro-Trueba I,Arias c,Silva A.Double bolt regulation of Rad51 by P53:a role for transcriptional repression[J].Cell Cycle,2006,5:1062-1065
, 百拇医药
[11]Martin RW,Connell PP,Bishop DK,et al.The Yin and Yang of treating BRCA-deficient tumor[J].Cancer,2008,67:9658-9665
[12]Shrivastav M,Deharo LP,Nickoloff JA.Regulation of DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice[J].Cell Res,2008,18(1):134-147
[13]姚薇,陈伟,陈怡明,等。DNA双链断裂修复Rad51在喉癌中的表达意义[J]。临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2007,21(2):540-542
[14]Lu J,Wang LE,Xiong P,et al.172G>T variant in the 5untranslated region of DNA repair gene Rad51 reduces risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and interacts with a p53 codon 72 variant[J].Carcinogenesis,2007,28(5):988-94
, 百拇医药
[15]Werbrouck J,De Ruyck K,Duprez F,et al.Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA double-stand break repair genes:association with tobacco use and alcohol consumption[J].Mutat Res,Res,2008,656(1-2):74-81
[16]Cho EY,Hildeshei MA,Chen C,et al.Nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gentic polymorphisms of DNA repair enzymes XRCC1 and hOGG1[J].Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,2003,12(10):1100-1104
[17]戴穹,杨志惠,叶运莉,等。中国四川人群DNA修复基因X射线修复交叉互补基因1-Arg399Gin多态性与鼻咽癌风险的关系[J]。中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2007,11(30):5861-5864
[18]Cao Y,Miao XP,Huang MY,et al.Polymorphisms of XRCC1 genes and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the Cantones population[J].BMC Cancer,2006,6:167, http://www.100md.com(罗胜权(综述) 刘庚勋(审校))