(北京大学深圳医院妇产科、胃肠外科广东深圳518036)【摘要】目的 探讨直肠子宫内膜异位症的临床诊治经验。方法 分析我院1999年至2008年直肠子宫内膜异位症27例临床资料，年龄介于17～38岁。结果 17例(63.0%)有典型的经期便血，21例(77.8%)误诊为直肠癌，误诊病例肿物直径小于3cm，2例(7.4%)术前确诊为直肠子宫内膜异位症，确诊病例直径大于5cm，4例(14.8%)术前无法确定肿物性质，直径介于3～5cm，所有病例均出现大便习惯改变，5例(18.5%)出现大便形状变小，20例(74.1%)CA125高于正常值，采取经腹直肠前切除术，术后均无并发症，无复发。结论 直肠子宫内膜异位症的误诊率高，误诊主要发生在直径小于3cm病例，注意经期便血可以提高术前确诊率，经腹直肠前切除术是治疗直肠子宫内膜异位症的有效术式。 【关键词】直肠子宫内膜异位症；直肠；分析【中图分类号】R711.71【文献标识码】A【文章编号】1004-5511(2012)04-0034-02 【Abstact】Object To investigate the clinical experience of rectal endometrios. Methods Analyzed the cases of rectal endometrios from 1999 to 2008.which age between 17 to 38 years old. Result 17 cases (63.0%)presented with typical hematochezia during menstrual period;21 cases (77.8%) were misdiagnosed as rectal tumors before operations,and all of their tumour`s diameter were less than 3cm;2 cases were confirmed before operations,and the 2 cases tumours` diameter greater than 5cm;4 cases were not confirmed before operations,which tumours` diameter were between 3 to 5cm;all of cases had the change of bowel habit;5 cases (18.5%) had the change of bowel shape;20 cases` CA125 were exceed the normal level;all cases were taken the anterior resection of rectum ,and had no postoperative complication;all cases had no recur.Conclusions The rectal endometrios have high rate of misdiagnosis, and the misdiagnosed cases have the tumours` diameter are less than 3cm;pay attention to the typical hematochezia during menstrual can raise the diagnosis before operations,the anterior resection of rectum is the effective to rectal endometrios. ......