插胃管方法的改进及临床分析(1)
[摘 要]目的 探讨一种新的胃管置入法,以提高一次性置管的成功率,减少胃管置入耗时及不良反应的发生率,改善清醒状态下置管的舒适性。方法 2006年6月至2008年10月普外科清醒状态下需置胃管患者240例,随时分为改进组和对照组各120例。改进组采用双人置入法,术前心理诱导、坐位下置管并置管术中手法辅助;对照组采用传统置入法。对两组置管的一次性成功率、置管耗时及置管过程中恶心、呕吐、呛咳等不良反应发生率进行统计学比较分析。结果 改良组置管一次性成功率为94.17%;置管耗时为102±33秒;恶心呕吐的发生率为5%;呛咳发生率为6.67%;对照组置管一次性成功率为69.17%;置管耗时为168±37秒;恶心呕吐发生率19.17%;呛咳发生率16.67%。两组间一次性置管成功率、置管耗时及不良反应的发生率存在显著统计学差异。结论 改良的胃管置入法提高了一次性置管的成功率,明显减少了置管耗时及不良反应发生率,改善了置管的舒适性,值得临床推广。
关键词:胃管留置法 恶心 呕吐 呛咳
, http://www.100md.com
Clinical Analysis of One Improved indwelling stomach intubation【Abstract】Objective Investigate a net method for indwelling stomach tube,to improve one-time achievement ratio Of intubation, decrease time consumption and reduce the suffering of the course. Methods 240 patients were resident from Jun.2006 to Dec. 2007 in our department, then sequenced divided into two groups randomly, and. 120 patients indwelling stomach tube with coupling nurses, at the sit position and rubbing the neck and back to induce swallow (Reformed group), 120 patients indwelling stomach tube according to the routine order ((Routine group). Then one-time achievement ratio, time consumption ,side-effect just like nause ,vomit and cough were observed and compared with statistics analysis. Results the one-time achievement radio of the reformed group was 94.17%, time-consumption was 102±33 seconds, incidence of nausea and vomit was 5%, incidence of cough 6.67%. the one-time achievement ratio of the routine group was 69.17%, time-consumption was 168±37 seconds, incidence of nausea and vomit was 19.17%, incidence of cough was 16.67%. statistics analysis showed that the reformed group were better than the routine group significantly Conclusions The improved indwelling stamoch tube method could increase achievement radio once a time, could reduce the time-consumption and side-effects incidence, so that could make the intubation course comfortably.
, 百拇医药
Key words:indwelling stomach intubation nausea vomitn cough
中图分类号:R473文献标识码:B文章编号:1004-7484(2011)04-0009-03
插胃管是临床护理工作中常用的技术操作之一,普外科应用更为广泛,主要用于胃肠道手术、胆道疾病、急腹症等的术前准备,肠梗阻病人的胃肠减压等。插管时,由于胃管对咽喉部的刺激,容易使患者感到恶心、呕吐、呛咳等,常常出现置管困难和异常,而使插管时间延长,易导致插管失败。按照传统的插管方法是病人取平卧位或半卧位,当胃管插入14-16cm时嘱患者做吞咽动作,由于卧位的关系,患者不是习惯性吞咽动作,在连续吞咽数次后均感吞咽费力,插管失败率较高。采用常规体位置胃管46%病人出现恶心、吞咽胃管困难,有的吞咽数次仍使胃管难以通过,一次插管成功率为85%,平均插管时间为130s[1]。为此,我们对插管时患者的体位采取了改进,并辅以手法辅助,效果良好,现报告如下:
, 百拇医药
1 研究对象
1.1 选择
2006年6月至2008年10月在普外科住院的需要插胃管的清醒病人240例。其中肠梗阻患者57例,胃Ca患者46例,直肠、结肠Ca患者39例,胆囊炎、胆石症患者65例,急腹症患者33例。男性132例,女性108例,年龄13-76岁,平均年龄47岁,均无鼻咽部疾患及食道狭窄。
1.2 将选择的病例进行随机分配,分为改进组和对照组。其中改进组120例,对照组120例,两组患者性别、年龄、病情等一般情况比较无明显差异。
2 方法
2.1 对照组插管方法
按教科书要求的操作步骤是:患者取平卧位或半卧位,胃管通过咽部时(约14-16cm)嘱患者做吞咽动作,当患者吞咽时将胃管迅速向前推进,插入深度45-55cm。患者可能有恶心,甚至呕吐、呛咳等,需多次停留,让患者深呼吸,严重者需拔出置管让患者休息后再重新插管。
, 百拇医药
2.2 改进组插管方法
插管前指导患者掌握吞咽、深呼吸等的配合,让患者取坐位,需2名护士配合插管,一名护士站在患者右侧,负责插管,当胃管插入14-16cm时,嘱患者做吞咽动作,另一名护士站在患者左侧,一手扶患者肩背部,一手沿食管方向自上而下捋患者颈前区,这一动作要与患者的吞咽动作一致,缓缓插入至所需长度,如患者感到恶心、呕吐时,稍停片刻,让患者深呼吸,同时轻拍患者背部,以分散患者注意力,减轻呕吐症状。
2.3结果判断标准
以操作过程中病人不适情况及一次成功率来评价插管效果。
2.4 统计学方法
两样本率的比较采用四格表χ2检验;插管时间以 ±s 表示,样本均数方差齐时采用t检验;所有资料均在SPSS15.0统计分析软件下进行操作。P<0.05 为差异有显著统计学意义。, 百拇医药(闵素娟 宋娟 黄林 刘宁)
关键词:胃管留置法 恶心 呕吐 呛咳
, http://www.100md.com
Clinical Analysis of One Improved indwelling stomach intubation【Abstract】Objective Investigate a net method for indwelling stomach tube,to improve one-time achievement ratio Of intubation, decrease time consumption and reduce the suffering of the course. Methods 240 patients were resident from Jun.2006 to Dec. 2007 in our department, then sequenced divided into two groups randomly, and. 120 patients indwelling stomach tube with coupling nurses, at the sit position and rubbing the neck and back to induce swallow (Reformed group), 120 patients indwelling stomach tube according to the routine order ((Routine group). Then one-time achievement ratio, time consumption ,side-effect just like nause ,vomit and cough were observed and compared with statistics analysis. Results the one-time achievement radio of the reformed group was 94.17%, time-consumption was 102±33 seconds, incidence of nausea and vomit was 5%, incidence of cough 6.67%. the one-time achievement ratio of the routine group was 69.17%, time-consumption was 168±37 seconds, incidence of nausea and vomit was 19.17%, incidence of cough was 16.67%. statistics analysis showed that the reformed group were better than the routine group significantly Conclusions The improved indwelling stamoch tube method could increase achievement radio once a time, could reduce the time-consumption and side-effects incidence, so that could make the intubation course comfortably.
, 百拇医药
Key words:indwelling stomach intubation nausea vomitn cough
中图分类号:R473文献标识码:B文章编号:1004-7484(2011)04-0009-03
插胃管是临床护理工作中常用的技术操作之一,普外科应用更为广泛,主要用于胃肠道手术、胆道疾病、急腹症等的术前准备,肠梗阻病人的胃肠减压等。插管时,由于胃管对咽喉部的刺激,容易使患者感到恶心、呕吐、呛咳等,常常出现置管困难和异常,而使插管时间延长,易导致插管失败。按照传统的插管方法是病人取平卧位或半卧位,当胃管插入14-16cm时嘱患者做吞咽动作,由于卧位的关系,患者不是习惯性吞咽动作,在连续吞咽数次后均感吞咽费力,插管失败率较高。采用常规体位置胃管46%病人出现恶心、吞咽胃管困难,有的吞咽数次仍使胃管难以通过,一次插管成功率为85%,平均插管时间为130s[1]。为此,我们对插管时患者的体位采取了改进,并辅以手法辅助,效果良好,现报告如下:
, 百拇医药
1 研究对象
1.1 选择
2006年6月至2008年10月在普外科住院的需要插胃管的清醒病人240例。其中肠梗阻患者57例,胃Ca患者46例,直肠、结肠Ca患者39例,胆囊炎、胆石症患者65例,急腹症患者33例。男性132例,女性108例,年龄13-76岁,平均年龄47岁,均无鼻咽部疾患及食道狭窄。
1.2 将选择的病例进行随机分配,分为改进组和对照组。其中改进组120例,对照组120例,两组患者性别、年龄、病情等一般情况比较无明显差异。
2 方法
2.1 对照组插管方法
按教科书要求的操作步骤是:患者取平卧位或半卧位,胃管通过咽部时(约14-16cm)嘱患者做吞咽动作,当患者吞咽时将胃管迅速向前推进,插入深度45-55cm。患者可能有恶心,甚至呕吐、呛咳等,需多次停留,让患者深呼吸,严重者需拔出置管让患者休息后再重新插管。
, 百拇医药
2.2 改进组插管方法
插管前指导患者掌握吞咽、深呼吸等的配合,让患者取坐位,需2名护士配合插管,一名护士站在患者右侧,负责插管,当胃管插入14-16cm时,嘱患者做吞咽动作,另一名护士站在患者左侧,一手扶患者肩背部,一手沿食管方向自上而下捋患者颈前区,这一动作要与患者的吞咽动作一致,缓缓插入至所需长度,如患者感到恶心、呕吐时,稍停片刻,让患者深呼吸,同时轻拍患者背部,以分散患者注意力,减轻呕吐症状。
2.3结果判断标准
以操作过程中病人不适情况及一次成功率来评价插管效果。
2.4 统计学方法
两样本率的比较采用四格表χ2检验;插管时间以 ±s 表示,样本均数方差齐时采用t检验;所有资料均在SPSS15.0统计分析软件下进行操作。P<0.05 为差异有显著统计学意义。, 百拇医药(闵素娟 宋娟 黄林 刘宁)