【摘 要】目的：分析本院下呼吸道感染革兰阴性杆菌产ESBLs的分布及耐药性，为临床抗生素治疗提供合理依据。 方法：对本院痰培养分离的革兰阴性杆菌，采用双纸片协同测试法筛选产ESBLs菌株。 结果：229株痰培养分离的革兰阴性杆菌共检出80株产ESBLs菌，阳性率为35%。其中，产ESBLs第一位是大肠埃希菌(63.5%, 33/52)，其次为肺炎克雷伯菌(48.7%,19/39)、产酸克雷伯菌(45.7%，16/35)；药敏结果显示产ESBLs菌株除对碳青酶烯类抗生素敏感外，对多种抗生素的耐药率均较高，且明显高于ESBLs阴性株。 结论：本院产ESBLs革兰阴性杆菌分离率较高，其耐药率高，应引起临床的高度重视。

    【关键词】下呼吸道； 革兰阴性杆菌； 超广谱β-内酰胺酶；耐药

    【中图分类号】R 562 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1004- 7484(2012)04- 0051- 02

    【Abstract】Objective：To study the distribution characteristics of extended-spectrum betalactamases(ESBLs)producing strains in gram-negative rods in lower respiratory tract And provide a basis for clinic to choose antibiotic. Methods：Screening ESBL producing strains used double dise synergy test.Results：80 ESBLs producing strains(35%) was attained. The first three isolateswith the highest ESBLs producing rate were E. coli (63.5%, 33/52), K. pneumoniae(48.7%,19/39) and K. oxytoca(45.7% ......