学龄前儿童蛲虫感染综合防治后再感染调查及评价(1)
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摘要: [ 目的]了解杭州市学龄前儿童蛲虫感染现状及综合防治后的再感染情况，为今后制定最佳的防治对策提供科学依据。[ 方法] 随机选择杭州市江干区2所乙级幼儿园，采用均衡对照法设立实验组和对照组，选取一所幼儿园的220名儿童作为实验组；另一幼儿园的131名儿童作为对照组。 实验组采用健康教育、卫生习惯改善、集体驱虫等综合防治方法，对照组采用单纯驱虫法，调查防治前后的蛲虫感染率，比较防治前后总感染率的保护率(PR)、效果指数(IE),对所用防治措施进行评价。 [ 结果]实验组蛲虫感染率由综合防治前的3.64%(8/220)降至1.82%(4/220)，保护率达50.00%，效果指数为2.00。 [ 结论]加强健康教育、改善卫生习惯、开展集体驱虫等综合防治措施比单纯驱虫更能有效控制蛲虫再感染。
关键词： 学龄前儿童，蛲虫，感染率，防治
Investigation and evaluation of the reinfection status of
pinworm after integrated control in preschool children
XU Shuai, YE Huan, CHEN Chun-er etal. (School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University， Zhejiang 310036, China)
Abstract [Objective]To study the prevalence of the pinworm infection and the situation of reinfection of the preschool children in Hangzhou after integrated control methods. Provide the best scientific evidence for the next counter-measures.[Methods]Two different kindergartens (named A and B) were selected randomly and were divided into two groups, 220 children from kindergarten A were in the experimental group and another 131 children from kindergarten B in contrast group. Integrated control methods including health education, hygiene improvement, deworming etc. were used in the experimental group, and simple deworming were used in the contrast group. The variation of the infection rate was observed after integrated or simple control. The protective rate (PR) and the index of effectiveness (IE) on the overall prevalence of pinworm infection rate of both groups were compared separately and the used control methods of the two groups were evaluated.[Results]The total pinworm infection rate has decreased from 3.64%(8/220) to 1.82%(4/220) withPR 50.00% and IE 2.00.[Conclusion] Integrated controls are much more effective than simple deworming to reduce the reinfection rate of pinworm.
Key wordsPreschool children，Pinworm，Infection rate，Control
蛲虫病是世界性分布的一种常见肠道寄生虫病，以幼儿园集聚儿童感染居多。从2005年5月16日颁布的全国人体寄生虫病调查报告中虽然全国土源性线虫感染率总体呈下降的趋势，但与发达国家相比还有很大差距，目前我国土源性线虫感染率仍相当于日本上世纪60年代、韩国上世纪80年代的感染水平[1]。其中，蛲虫病是儿童常见的寄生虫病，使儿童产生肛痒、烦躁不安、失眠、夜惊、夜间磨牙、遗尿、食欲减退等症状，严重感染者可引起多种并发症，如蛲虫性泌尿生殖道炎、蛲虫性阑尾炎等，严重影响儿童身心健康[2-3]。因此，为了解杭州市部分学龄前儿童蛲虫感染现状及综合防治后的再感染情况，对比研究综合防治法和单纯驱虫法的成效，进一步明确有效的防治方法，我们于2009年9月至2010年4月对杭州市江干区部分幼儿园儿童做了综合防治前后的比较调查 ......
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