流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行概况及其免疫预防(3)
尽管我国流脑发病率已低于一些发达国家的水平,但是由C群、B群Nm引起的病例呈增加迹象[35],部分地区出现了W135群Nm引起的病例[41,42],当出现这种情况时,应予以足够的重视。因为流脑的流行总与人群免疫水平及菌群的变迁有关[1]。而且耐药的Nm菌株增多,影响了防治效果;另外流脑在法定报告传染病中死亡数和病死率均列前列[24],流脑死亡导致儿童和青年生命损失最大[55],上述情况表明流脑流行的危险仍存在,因此需进一步加强流脑监测、疫情调查处理和健康教育宣传等[4],还应适时调整疫苗接种策略,有专家已提出对我国现行的国家免疫规划程序中的A群MPV用A+C群MCV替代,A+C群MPV用ACYW135群MPV替代[56]。而WHO也已建议应考虑将MCV纳入国家免疫规划[51],对非洲则建议先用A群CPV免疫婴儿2次,在2岁和6岁时用ACYW135群再加强免疫[14]。
, http://www.100md.com
参考文献
[1] 魏承毓.流行性脑脊髓膜炎.预防医学论坛,2004,10(6):764~768
[2] 李军宏,王晓军,梁晓峰.我国流行性脑脊髓膜炎的流行概况及预防控制.疾病监测,2005,20(4):169~170
[3] 汤健闻.流行性脑脊髓膜炎的流行及防治研究概况.右江医学,2006,34(4):429~431
[4] 宁桂军,李艺星,罗会明.流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行概况及预防控制.疾病监测,2009,24(3):155~159
[5] 朱展鹰,李东悦,黄超,等.流脑的流行及免疫预防概况.中国热带医学,2005,5(4):853~854
[6] Pollard AJ.Global epidemiology of meningococcal disease and vaccine efficy.Pediatr Infect Disease,2004,23:S274~279
, 百拇医药
[7] Perrochean A,Taha MK,Levy Bruhl D.Epidemiology of invasive meningoencczl disease in France in 2003.Euro Surveill,2005,10:238~241
[8] Kimmel SR.Using the teWavalent meningococcal polysaccharide-rotein conjugate vaccine in the prevention of meningococcal disease.Ther Clin Risk Manag,2008,4:739~745
[9] CDC.Prevention and control of meningococcal disease.MMWR,2005,54(No.RR-07):1~21
[10] Anderson MS,Glode MP,Smith AL.Meningococcal disease.In textbook of pediatric infectious diseases.4th edit.Philadelphia:W.B Saunders Title.1998:1143~1156
, http://www.100md.com
[11] Nair D,Dawss R,Deb M,et a1.Outbreak of meningococcal disease and around New Delhi,India,2005~2006:a report from a tertiary care hospital Epidemiol Infect,2009,137:570~576
[12] Molesworth AM,Thomson MC,Connor SJ,et al.Where is Meningitis belt?Defining an area at risk of epidemic Meningitis in Afica.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg,2002,96(3):242~269
[13] 张秋兰,黄赐雄,李兴旺.流行性脑脊髓膜炎的研究进展.传染病信息,2005,18(1):11~13
, 百拇医药
[14] Robbins JB,Schneerson R,Gotschlich EC,et al.Meningococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa:the case for mass and routine vaccination with available polysaccharide vaccines. WHO,2003,81(10):745
[15] Balmer P,Miller E.Meningococcal disease:how to prevent and how to manage.Curr Opin Infect Dis,2002,15:275 ~281
[16] 徐葵花.脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌群的研究进展.中华传染病杂志,2008,26(5):313~315
[17] WHO.Meningococcal disease Burkina Faso and Nigeria.WER,2004,79(14):129~130
, 百拇医药
[18] http://www.who.int/csr/disease/meningococcal/meningitisesepidreport2007~2008/en/index.html
[19] WHO.Meningococcal Disease:situation in the African Meningitis Belt http://www.who.int/csr/don/2009_03_25/en/index.html
[20] 胡绪敬.流脑流行的监测与预防.中国公共卫生,2004,20(5):638~640
[21] 耿贯一.流行病学(第二卷).第二版,北京:人民卫生出版社,1996.618~639
[22] 张延龄,张晖.疫苗学.北京:科学出版社,2004.927~954
, 百拇医药
[23] 胡绪敬,李新武,计银铎,等.我国流行性脑脊髓膜炎周期性流行特征的研究.中华流行病学杂志,1991,12(3):136~139
[24] 李军宏,李艺星,尹遵栋,等.中国1997~2006年流行性脑脊髓膜流行病学分析.中国计划免疫,2007,13(5).453~456
[25] 李艺星,罗会明,李军宏,等.中国2006/2007年度流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行病学特征分析.中国疫苗和免疫,2008,14(3):234~237
[26] Hsueh PR,Teng LJ,Lie TY,et a1.Re-emergence of meningococcal disease in Taiwan:circulation of domestic clones of Neisseria meningitidis in the 2001 outbreak.Epidemiol Infect,2004,132:637~645, 百拇医药(夏志才)
, http://www.100md.com
参考文献
[1] 魏承毓.流行性脑脊髓膜炎.预防医学论坛,2004,10(6):764~768
[2] 李军宏,王晓军,梁晓峰.我国流行性脑脊髓膜炎的流行概况及预防控制.疾病监测,2005,20(4):169~170
[3] 汤健闻.流行性脑脊髓膜炎的流行及防治研究概况.右江医学,2006,34(4):429~431
[4] 宁桂军,李艺星,罗会明.流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行概况及预防控制.疾病监测,2009,24(3):155~159
[5] 朱展鹰,李东悦,黄超,等.流脑的流行及免疫预防概况.中国热带医学,2005,5(4):853~854
[6] Pollard AJ.Global epidemiology of meningococcal disease and vaccine efficy.Pediatr Infect Disease,2004,23:S274~279
, 百拇医药
[7] Perrochean A,Taha MK,Levy Bruhl D.Epidemiology of invasive meningoencczl disease in France in 2003.Euro Surveill,2005,10:238~241
[8] Kimmel SR.Using the teWavalent meningococcal polysaccharide-rotein conjugate vaccine in the prevention of meningococcal disease.Ther Clin Risk Manag,2008,4:739~745
[9] CDC.Prevention and control of meningococcal disease.MMWR,2005,54(No.RR-07):1~21
[10] Anderson MS,Glode MP,Smith AL.Meningococcal disease.In textbook of pediatric infectious diseases.4th edit.Philadelphia:W.B Saunders Title.1998:1143~1156
, http://www.100md.com
[11] Nair D,Dawss R,Deb M,et a1.Outbreak of meningococcal disease and around New Delhi,India,2005~2006:a report from a tertiary care hospital Epidemiol Infect,2009,137:570~576
[12] Molesworth AM,Thomson MC,Connor SJ,et al.Where is Meningitis belt?Defining an area at risk of epidemic Meningitis in Afica.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg,2002,96(3):242~269
[13] 张秋兰,黄赐雄,李兴旺.流行性脑脊髓膜炎的研究进展.传染病信息,2005,18(1):11~13
, 百拇医药
[14] Robbins JB,Schneerson R,Gotschlich EC,et al.Meningococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa:the case for mass and routine vaccination with available polysaccharide vaccines. WHO,2003,81(10):745
[15] Balmer P,Miller E.Meningococcal disease:how to prevent and how to manage.Curr Opin Infect Dis,2002,15:275 ~281
[16] 徐葵花.脑膜炎奈瑟菌菌群的研究进展.中华传染病杂志,2008,26(5):313~315
[17] WHO.Meningococcal disease Burkina Faso and Nigeria.WER,2004,79(14):129~130
, 百拇医药
[18] http://www.who.int/csr/disease/meningococcal/meningitisesepidreport2007~2008/en/index.html
[19] WHO.Meningococcal Disease:situation in the African Meningitis Belt http://www.who.int/csr/don/2009_03_25/en/index.html
[20] 胡绪敬.流脑流行的监测与预防.中国公共卫生,2004,20(5):638~640
[21] 耿贯一.流行病学(第二卷).第二版,北京:人民卫生出版社,1996.618~639
[22] 张延龄,张晖.疫苗学.北京:科学出版社,2004.927~954
, 百拇医药
[23] 胡绪敬,李新武,计银铎,等.我国流行性脑脊髓膜炎周期性流行特征的研究.中华流行病学杂志,1991,12(3):136~139
[24] 李军宏,李艺星,尹遵栋,等.中国1997~2006年流行性脑脊髓膜流行病学分析.中国计划免疫,2007,13(5).453~456
[25] 李艺星,罗会明,李军宏,等.中国2006/2007年度流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行病学特征分析.中国疫苗和免疫,2008,14(3):234~237
[26] Hsueh PR,Teng LJ,Lie TY,et a1.Re-emergence of meningococcal disease in Taiwan:circulation of domestic clones of Neisseria meningitidis in the 2001 outbreak.Epidemiol Infect,2004,132:637~645, 百拇医药(夏志才)