青岛市城区成人哮喘问卷调查和病因分析(1)
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【摘要】目的:调查青岛市城区成人支气管哮喘患病情况、病因及治疗情况，为支气管哮喘人群的防治提供依据。方法:选取青岛市城区16岁以上人口为调查对象，按街道和居委会随机整群抽样，调查支气管哮喘的流行现况，以SAS8.2进行单因素和多因素分析。结果:青岛市城区成人支气管哮喘总患病率为3.12%，<30岁组和>79岁组是哮喘高患病年龄段。188例哮喘者中60例(31.91%)有家族史，164例(87.23%)有过敏史，24例(12.77%)有职业接触史；52例(27.66%)本人吸烟，84例(44.68%)经常被动吸烟。非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示：过敏性疾病史和哮喘家族史对支气管哮喘患病率影响最大(OR值分别为3.562和2.381)，其次为职业接触、肥胖、吸烟和性别因素，OR值依次为1.801、1.378、1.269和0.764。156例(82.98%)患者呈季节性发作。188例哮喘患者中仅有65例(34.5%)坚持规范治疗，造成依从性差的前2个因素为担心激素不良反应、使用ICS效果不显著。结论:青岛市城区居民哮喘发病率较高而规范治疗依从性较差，家族史过敏史、吸烟和职业接触是哮喘的重要危险因素。
【关键词】流行病学；支气管哮喘；危险因素
Questionnaire Survey and Etiologic analysis of asthma inQingdao City Community
Weilin Xue1,Tongshang Liu2, Lina Dai3,Huaping Tang4
【Abstract】Objective To explore the bronchial asthma prevalence and its risk factors in Qingdao City Community. Methods A stratified cluster disproportional random sampling survey was conduct with uniform scheme, procedure and questionnaire and statistically analyzed with SAS 8.2.Results The overall prevalence rate of asthma in Qingdao City was 3.12%. There was a great difference in various age groups, the prevalence rate of age(≤29 and ≥70 years of age)was higher than age 30-49 and 50-69.In 188 patients, 60(31.91%) patients have family history of asthma , 164(87.23%) patients have obvious allergy history , 84(44.68%)patients usually smoked passively, 52(27.66%)patients smoked actively. 24 (12.77%) patients have obvious vocational contact factor. Allergic history, asthma family, vocational contact, infant overweight, smoking history, could increase the risk of suffering from asthma, the OR were 3.562、2.381、1.801、1.378、1.269 respectively(P<0.05). 156 patients(82.98%)have seasonal attacks mostly in the time from September to Novembers or from April to June. 65/188(34.5%) asthma patients accepted the guideline therapy , the top 2 reasons for low compliance were worry of the adverse effect of inhale glucocorticoids and little effect of inhale glucocorticoids. ConclusionThere are high asthma prevalence and low guideline compliance in the Qingdao city community ......
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