达州市妇幼卫生改革30年回顾(1)
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2010年4月15日
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【中图分类号】R197【文献标识码】B【文章编号】1005-2720(2010)11 - 09 - 03
【摘要】30年的卫生改革引领妇幼卫生改革如火如荼。四川省达州市在妇幼卫生基础条件薄弱、服务技术落后、妇女儿童健康水平低下的环境下,依靠政府政策和投入,大胆探索实践。改革探索阶段:恢复机构建设,组织人员培训,开展健康教育,拓展服务市场;改革深化阶段:贯彻落实法规,创建“爱婴医院”和等级妇幼保健院,认真实施妇幼卫生合作项目;改革转折调整阶段:加强妇幼公共卫生体系建设,结合农村新农合和城市社区服务拓宽服务领域。使妇幼卫生事业较快发展,并获得了成功的基本经验,值得认真总结与回顾。
【关键词】妇幼卫生;30年改革
Retrospect of Women and Children Health Reform in Past 30 Years in Dazhou Prefecture
Wang Geng-zhang
(Sichuan Province Dazhou Prefecture Women & Children Health Institute Dazhou Sichuan 635000)
【Abstract】30 years of health reform results in a prospering women and children health reform. In the past,Dazhou Prefecture of Sichuan Province had awkward basic conditions for women and children health, underdeveloped services and techniques and consequently a low level of women and children health. However,Dazhou Prefecture counted on and utilized governmental policies and inputs and made brave experiments and practices. In the experimental phase of the reform,organizations were recovered; training of medical personnel and health education were carried out; services were extended and the market was expanded. In the deepening phase of the reform,laws and administrative regulations were implemented;“baby-friendly hospitals” and hierarchical women and children health institutes were created; women and children health cooperative projects were seriously carried out. In the transition and adjustment phase of the reform, the construction of the public women and children health system was enhanced; the scope of services was enlarged in the combination of new rural cooperative medical treatment and urban community medical services. The reform has brought rapid progress of the women and children health cause and relevant successful experiences, of which we must make careful summarization and retrospect.
【Key words】Women and children health;30 years of reform
十一届三中全会后的30年来,我国卫生改革经历了3个重要时期:1979～1991年为改革的探索阶段;1992～2002年为改革的深化阶段;2003年以来为改革的转折调整阶段[1]。妇幼卫生改革在整个卫生改革的大环境下,也经历了一个渐进的过程,不断得到深化和发展。本文认真总结回顾四川省达州市妇幼卫生改革30年的情况,从一个西部欠发达的地级市的妇幼卫生改革探索中一瞥,或许会对新时期深化妇幼卫生改革,又好又快发展妇幼保健事业,最大限度地满足广大妇女儿童的医疗保健需求,获得有益的启示。
1 初期状况
1.1 妇幼卫生的基础条件薄弱达州市位于四川省东北部,大巴山南麓。地理位置以山区为主,部分为丘陵。海拔500～3000米,幅员面积3.1万平方公里。置四川省达县地区时,辖13个县(市)区,940万人口;1993年撤地区置地级市后,辖7个县(市)区,650万人口。属于川陕革命根据地区之一。交通不便,以农业人口为主,经济欠发达。1988年全地区人均占有卫生事业费1.88元,人均占有妇幼保健费0.09元。加之山区农民受教育率较低,“多子多福”的生育观,使得计划生育外孕者居多。
1.2 妇幼卫生的服务技术落后1988年全地区13个县市(区)妇幼保健站,平均每千名妇女儿童占有病床0 ......
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