李宜瑞辨治岭南地区小儿反复呼吸道感染经验撷萃(1)
摘要:广州中医药大学李宜瑞教授是第五批全国名老中医药专家学术经验继承工作指导老师,本文从基本病机方面阐述李教授诊治岭南地区小儿反复呼吸道感染的临床经验,及其重视脾阴、用药平和的学术思想,并介绍李教授分型论治小儿反复呼吸道感染的诊治要点。
关键词:名医经验;李宜瑞;小儿反复呼吸道感染;岭南地区
中图分类号:R272.956 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2020)02-0118-03
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.201806101
Experience Examples of Li Yirui in Diagnosis and Treatment of Children with Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection in South of the Five Ridges
SONG Wencai1, CHENG Xiaogang2
1. Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510410, China;
2. The First Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510410, China
Abstract: Professor Li Yirui of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine is one of the fifth batch of instructors of the inheritance of academic experience of famous national TCM experts. This article expounded her clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of children with recurrent respiratory tract infection in the south of the Five Ridges in terms of basic pathogenesis mechanism, summarized her academic thoughts of paying attention to the spleen yin and mild medication, and then introduced the key points in diagnosis and treatment for children with different types of recurrent respiratory tract infection.
Keywords: experience of famous doctors; Li Yirui; children with recurrent respiratory tract infection; south of the Five Ridges
小儿反复呼吸道感染(recurrent respiratory tract infection,RRTI)是指小儿上、下呼吸道感染次数增多,超过一定范围[1]。其发病率较高,对患儿日常生活、学习影响较大,甚至影响生长发育。根据临床表现,可将其归为中医学“感冒”“咳嗽”等范畴。
广州中医药大学李宜瑞教授是第五批全国名老中医药专家学术经验继承工作指导老师,长期致力于中医儿科临床工作,积累了大量诊疗经验,形成了独特学术思想,对岭南地区小儿RRTI诊治有系统、全面、深入认识。笔者有幸跟师学习,获益匪浅。兹特将其相关诊疗经验整理如下。
1 虚实为纲,立足肺脾
李教授认为,本病辨证须以虚实为总纲,重点辨别正虚与邪实轻重缓急。临床上,小儿RRTI可分为急性感染期和非急性感染期,急性感染期以邪实为主,非急性感染期以正虚为要,而其治疗重点在于后者[2]。
上、下呼吸道均属肺系,为肺金之气所主。肺气充沛,卫外得宜,虽有邪气,亦不可干,偶因邪盛而感,亦可奋起抗之,驱邪外出,迅速痊愈。若胎儿先天受纳精气不足,或后天调养失宜,反复感邪,使脏腑受损,肺气虚羸,御守不固,稍有邪至,轻则感冒,重则入里而成肺炎喘嗽,正不胜邪,使病情迁延难愈,不时复发。且小儿生性多动,汗出较多,易伤及肺卫气阴,致卫表不固,《幼科释谜》所谓“感冒之源,由卫气虚,玄府不闭,腠理常疏,虚邪贼风,卫阳受扰”。另一方面,外邪袭体,正虚无以相争,邪气不能外达,则易致余邪留恋,使病情缠绵。因此,正虚虽贯穿本病始终,但往往邪实难以驱尽,故即使在非急性感染期,亦可有邪气留存。
小儿生理上“肺常不足”“脾常虛”,肺脾两脏分居上、中二焦,五行方面母子相关,功能上关系最为密切。肺气须得脾气化水谷之精微以上承,然幼儿饮食不知自节,寒温不识自调,易挑食偏食,以致损伤脾胃,土不生金,则肺气虚馁,宣肃失司,外邪可轻易来犯。又“脾为生痰之源,肺为贮痰之器”,若脾之燥土不能化湿,易酿生痰浊。脾虚运化失常,中焦气机不畅,亦可形成积滞。且小儿乃“纯阳之体”,痰湿、积滞等日久化热,使病证更加复杂。
长期生活在岭南地区的小儿有其体质特点。岭南临海,江河纵横,地势低下平缓,常年温热多雨,湿热偏盛,其人皮肤不密,腠理疏松,汗出过多,气阴易耗;且多喜凉茶及海鲜等多湿阴柔之品,日久伤及中土阳气,更易成肺脾两虚之证,引致RRTI,正如《保婴撮要》引张元素“若脾气虚冷不能相生而肺气不足,则风邪易感”。此外,湿、热之邪均是岭南外感常见病因,海鲜也是助湿难消之物,因此,岭南地区RRTI患儿,往往在肺脾气虚基础上,更易出现湿滞、痰阻、湿热、痰热、积滞、积热等兼证,临床需仔细辨别。, 百拇医药(宋文才 陈晓刚)
关键词:名医经验;李宜瑞;小儿反复呼吸道感染;岭南地区
中图分类号:R272.956 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2020)02-0118-03
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.201806101
Experience Examples of Li Yirui in Diagnosis and Treatment of Children with Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection in South of the Five Ridges
SONG Wencai1, CHENG Xiaogang2
1. Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510410, China;
2. The First Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510410, China
Abstract: Professor Li Yirui of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine is one of the fifth batch of instructors of the inheritance of academic experience of famous national TCM experts. This article expounded her clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of children with recurrent respiratory tract infection in the south of the Five Ridges in terms of basic pathogenesis mechanism, summarized her academic thoughts of paying attention to the spleen yin and mild medication, and then introduced the key points in diagnosis and treatment for children with different types of recurrent respiratory tract infection.
Keywords: experience of famous doctors; Li Yirui; children with recurrent respiratory tract infection; south of the Five Ridges
小儿反复呼吸道感染(recurrent respiratory tract infection,RRTI)是指小儿上、下呼吸道感染次数增多,超过一定范围[1]。其发病率较高,对患儿日常生活、学习影响较大,甚至影响生长发育。根据临床表现,可将其归为中医学“感冒”“咳嗽”等范畴。
广州中医药大学李宜瑞教授是第五批全国名老中医药专家学术经验继承工作指导老师,长期致力于中医儿科临床工作,积累了大量诊疗经验,形成了独特学术思想,对岭南地区小儿RRTI诊治有系统、全面、深入认识。笔者有幸跟师学习,获益匪浅。兹特将其相关诊疗经验整理如下。
1 虚实为纲,立足肺脾
李教授认为,本病辨证须以虚实为总纲,重点辨别正虚与邪实轻重缓急。临床上,小儿RRTI可分为急性感染期和非急性感染期,急性感染期以邪实为主,非急性感染期以正虚为要,而其治疗重点在于后者[2]。
上、下呼吸道均属肺系,为肺金之气所主。肺气充沛,卫外得宜,虽有邪气,亦不可干,偶因邪盛而感,亦可奋起抗之,驱邪外出,迅速痊愈。若胎儿先天受纳精气不足,或后天调养失宜,反复感邪,使脏腑受损,肺气虚羸,御守不固,稍有邪至,轻则感冒,重则入里而成肺炎喘嗽,正不胜邪,使病情迁延难愈,不时复发。且小儿生性多动,汗出较多,易伤及肺卫气阴,致卫表不固,《幼科释谜》所谓“感冒之源,由卫气虚,玄府不闭,腠理常疏,虚邪贼风,卫阳受扰”。另一方面,外邪袭体,正虚无以相争,邪气不能外达,则易致余邪留恋,使病情缠绵。因此,正虚虽贯穿本病始终,但往往邪实难以驱尽,故即使在非急性感染期,亦可有邪气留存。
小儿生理上“肺常不足”“脾常虛”,肺脾两脏分居上、中二焦,五行方面母子相关,功能上关系最为密切。肺气须得脾气化水谷之精微以上承,然幼儿饮食不知自节,寒温不识自调,易挑食偏食,以致损伤脾胃,土不生金,则肺气虚馁,宣肃失司,外邪可轻易来犯。又“脾为生痰之源,肺为贮痰之器”,若脾之燥土不能化湿,易酿生痰浊。脾虚运化失常,中焦气机不畅,亦可形成积滞。且小儿乃“纯阳之体”,痰湿、积滞等日久化热,使病证更加复杂。
长期生活在岭南地区的小儿有其体质特点。岭南临海,江河纵横,地势低下平缓,常年温热多雨,湿热偏盛,其人皮肤不密,腠理疏松,汗出过多,气阴易耗;且多喜凉茶及海鲜等多湿阴柔之品,日久伤及中土阳气,更易成肺脾两虚之证,引致RRTI,正如《保婴撮要》引张元素“若脾气虚冷不能相生而肺气不足,则风邪易感”。此外,湿、热之邪均是岭南外感常见病因,海鲜也是助湿难消之物,因此,岭南地区RRTI患儿,往往在肺脾气虚基础上,更易出现湿滞、痰阻、湿热、痰热、积滞、积热等兼证,临床需仔细辨别。, 百拇医药(宋文才 陈晓刚)