上海市某社区脑卒中高危人群的危险因素现状分析(1)
摘 要 目的：了解和掌握本社区农村35岁以上常住居民脑卒中高危人群危险因素的分布状况，为本社区建立脑卒中高危人群干预体系提供依据。方法：采用分层随机抽样的方法，抽取本社区15个村的35岁以上常住居民共1 694例，其中男性679人(40.1%)，女性1 015人(59.9%)。脑卒中风险初筛评估危险因素包括高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、房颤、吸烟、超重肥胖、缺少锻炼和脑卒中家族史等。结果：共有500人符合脑卒中高危对象标准，高危对象检出率为29.5%。男性的检出率高于女性(35.9%比25.2%，P<0.05)。70岁及以上人群中的高危对象检出率最高，36～49岁人群的检出率最低(P<0.05)。在高危对象中，脑卒中危险因素流行率的顺位为高血压86.8%，超重或肥胖46.2%，糖尿病38.6%，吸烟31.2%，缺少体育锻炼27.8%，血脂异常14.4%，房颤13.6%。女性高危对象中房顫和糖尿病的流行率高于男性(P<0.05)。吸烟是男性高危对象的主要危险因素(61.9%)。不同年龄组间缺少体育锻炼和超重或肥胖的流行率有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论：本社区有较高比例的脑卒中高危人群；应针对不同性别和年龄的人群开展有针对性地健康教育及干预措施，积极防治高血压、糖尿病等慢性病，鼓励合理饮食，多参加体育活动，以减少社区人群发生脑卒中的风险。
关键词 脑卒中；社区；高危人群；危险因素；分析
中图分类号：R743.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533(2017)08-0043-03
Analysis of risk factors in the high-risk population with stroke in a community in Shanghai
WANG Linan， NIE Lianlian， WANG Tong， SHEN Zhuhua
(Zhujing Community Health Service Center of Jinshan District， Shanghai 201599， China)
ABSTRACT Objective： To understand and master the distribution of risk factors for the high risk population with stroke in the rural residents over 35 years old to provide a scientific basis for the establishment of the intervention system for the high risk stroke group in this community. Methods： With the method of stratified random sampling， a total of 1 694 cases over 35 years old were selected in 15 villages in this community of whom 679 cases were male(40.1%)， and 1 015 cases female(59.9%). Risk factors for the risk preliminary screening assessment of stroke included hypertension， dyslipidemia， diabetes， atrial fibrillation， smoking， overweight， obesity， lack of exercise and family history of stroke. Results： A total of 500 cases met the criteria for stroke risk， and high risk detection rate was 29.5%. The detection rate of the male was higher than that of the female(35.9% to 25.2%， P<0.05). The highest detection rate of the high-risk objects was 70 years old and above， and the detection rate of 36～49 years old population was the lowest(P<0.05). In the high-risk objects， the sequence of prevalence of risk factors for stroke was hypertension 86.8%， overweight or obesity 46.2%， diabetes 38.6%， smoking 31.2%， lack of physical exercise 27.8%， dyslipidemia 13.6%， and atrial fibrillation 14.4%. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation and diabetes in the high risk female objects was higher than that of the male(P<0.05). Smoking was a major risk factor for the men at high risk(61.9%). There was a significant difference in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among different age groups(P<0.05). Conclusion： The community has a high proportion of people with high risk of stroke. Targeted health education and intervention measures， active prevention and treatment of hypertension， diabetes and other chronic diseases， encouraging a reasonable diet and taking part in sports activities for different gender and age groups should be carried out to reduce the risk of stroke in the community population. (王丽楠 聂莲莲 王通 沈珠华)
关键词 脑卒中；社区；高危人群；危险因素；分析
中图分类号：R743.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533(2017)08-0043-03
Analysis of risk factors in the high-risk population with stroke in a community in Shanghai
WANG Linan， NIE Lianlian， WANG Tong， SHEN Zhuhua
(Zhujing Community Health Service Center of Jinshan District， Shanghai 201599， China)
ABSTRACT Objective： To understand and master the distribution of risk factors for the high risk population with stroke in the rural residents over 35 years old to provide a scientific basis for the establishment of the intervention system for the high risk stroke group in this community. Methods： With the method of stratified random sampling， a total of 1 694 cases over 35 years old were selected in 15 villages in this community of whom 679 cases were male(40.1%)， and 1 015 cases female(59.9%). Risk factors for the risk preliminary screening assessment of stroke included hypertension， dyslipidemia， diabetes， atrial fibrillation， smoking， overweight， obesity， lack of exercise and family history of stroke. Results： A total of 500 cases met the criteria for stroke risk， and high risk detection rate was 29.5%. The detection rate of the male was higher than that of the female(35.9% to 25.2%， P<0.05). The highest detection rate of the high-risk objects was 70 years old and above， and the detection rate of 36～49 years old population was the lowest(P<0.05). In the high-risk objects， the sequence of prevalence of risk factors for stroke was hypertension 86.8%， overweight or obesity 46.2%， diabetes 38.6%， smoking 31.2%， lack of physical exercise 27.8%， dyslipidemia 13.6%， and atrial fibrillation 14.4%. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation and diabetes in the high risk female objects was higher than that of the male(P<0.05). Smoking was a major risk factor for the men at high risk(61.9%). There was a significant difference in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among different age groups(P<0.05). Conclusion： The community has a high proportion of people with high risk of stroke. Targeted health education and intervention measures， active prevention and treatment of hypertension， diabetes and other chronic diseases， encouraging a reasonable diet and taking part in sports activities for different gender and age groups should be carried out to reduce the risk of stroke in the community population. (王丽楠 聂莲莲 王通 沈珠华)