上海某社区老年居民健康素养现状分析(1)
摘 要 目的：了解上海某社区老年居民的健康素养水平现状及其影响因素。方法：采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法，在上海市某社区抽取1 000名60～75岁老年人进行健康素养问卷调查。其中男性477名，占47.7%，平均年龄(66.4±4.4)岁；女性523名，占52.3%，年龄，平均年龄(67.8±5.2)岁。结果：老年居民的健康素养具备水平为9.3% ，基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能素养具备率分别为 16.4%、20.1%和80.8%。性别、年龄、文化程度是影响老年居民健康素养水平的因素。结论：老年居民整体健康素养水平意识较低，应针对不同人群的特征开展健康教育工作，以提高老年居民的健康素养水平，改善健康状况。
关键词 健康素养；老年居民；影响因素
中图分类号：R193 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533(2018)10-0038-03
Analysis of the status quo of health literacy of elderly residents in a community in Shanghai
CHEN Liqing， FENG Tao， DAI Yili， FANG Hui(Department of Prevention and Health Care of Xinzhuang Community Health Service Center of Minhang District， Shanghai 201109， China)
ABSTRACT Objective： To understand the status and influencing factors of the health literacy level of the elderly residents in a community in Shanghai. Methods： The method of multistage stratified random cluster sampling was used and a total of 1 000 people of 60～75 years old were selected from a community in Shanghai to carry out a questionnaire survey on health literacy. Among them， 477 were male， accounting for 47.7%， and the average age was (66.4±4.4) years； 523 were female， accounting for 52.3%， and the average age was (67.8±5.2) years. Results： The level of health literacy for the elderly residents was 9.3%， and the basic knowledge and concept， healthy lifestyle and behavior and health skill literacy rate were 16.4%， 20.1% and 80.8%， respectively. Gender， age， and educational level were the factors that affected the level of health literacy of the elderly residents. Conclusion： The overall health literacy level of the elderly residents is low. Health education should be carried out in the light of the characteristics of different groups of people to improve the health literacy level and the health status of the elderly residents.
KEY WORDS health literacy； elderly resident； influence factor
健康素养是指个体具有获取、理解和处理基本健康信息和服务，并运用这些信息和服务做出正确判断和决定，维持和促进健康的能力[1]。近年来居民的健康素养问题日益受到关注，而上海已成为老龄化城市，提高老年人健康水平是全社会关注的热门话题之一。本研究旨在了解上海某社区老年居民健康素养水平的现况，分析影响健康素养的因素。
1 对象与方法
1.1 对象
采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，在上海某社区53个居委中随机选取25个居委，每个居委抽取40名60～75岁常住居民(调查前1年内，在调查地点连续或累计居住6个月及以上者)作为调查对象。被抽取的居民均签订知情同意书。剔除明确拒绝参加者，重新编号抽取直到有合格的40位居民。本次问卷调查共发放了1 012份问卷，回收问卷1 000份；有效回收率为98.8%。其中男性477名，占47.7%，平均年龄(66.4±4.4)岁；女性523名，占52.3%，平均年龄(67.8±5.2)岁。文化程度以小学初中最多，占53.1%；职业则以厂矿企业职工最多，占32.9%；已婚人数有874人，占87.4%；家庭常住人口以1～3人为主，占79.7%。
1.2 方法
采用问卷与访谈相结合的方法进行调查。调查问卷参照2012年全国统一编订的《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》[2]并结合当地老年居民实际情况设计问卷。问卷内容主要包括居民的基本情况信息和健康素养。基本情况包括性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况、家庭人口数等人口学特征。健康素养包括基本健康知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能三个方面的内容。由经过专门培訓的人员集中或上门入户调查。, 百拇医药(陈丽青 冯涛 戴益莉 方辉)
关键词 健康素养；老年居民；影响因素
中图分类号：R193 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533(2018)10-0038-03
Analysis of the status quo of health literacy of elderly residents in a community in Shanghai
CHEN Liqing， FENG Tao， DAI Yili， FANG Hui(Department of Prevention and Health Care of Xinzhuang Community Health Service Center of Minhang District， Shanghai 201109， China)
ABSTRACT Objective： To understand the status and influencing factors of the health literacy level of the elderly residents in a community in Shanghai. Methods： The method of multistage stratified random cluster sampling was used and a total of 1 000 people of 60～75 years old were selected from a community in Shanghai to carry out a questionnaire survey on health literacy. Among them， 477 were male， accounting for 47.7%， and the average age was (66.4±4.4) years； 523 were female， accounting for 52.3%， and the average age was (67.8±5.2) years. Results： The level of health literacy for the elderly residents was 9.3%， and the basic knowledge and concept， healthy lifestyle and behavior and health skill literacy rate were 16.4%， 20.1% and 80.8%， respectively. Gender， age， and educational level were the factors that affected the level of health literacy of the elderly residents. Conclusion： The overall health literacy level of the elderly residents is low. Health education should be carried out in the light of the characteristics of different groups of people to improve the health literacy level and the health status of the elderly residents.
KEY WORDS health literacy； elderly resident； influence factor
健康素养是指个体具有获取、理解和处理基本健康信息和服务，并运用这些信息和服务做出正确判断和决定，维持和促进健康的能力[1]。近年来居民的健康素养问题日益受到关注，而上海已成为老龄化城市，提高老年人健康水平是全社会关注的热门话题之一。本研究旨在了解上海某社区老年居民健康素养水平的现况，分析影响健康素养的因素。
1 对象与方法
1.1 对象
采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，在上海某社区53个居委中随机选取25个居委，每个居委抽取40名60～75岁常住居民(调查前1年内，在调查地点连续或累计居住6个月及以上者)作为调查对象。被抽取的居民均签订知情同意书。剔除明确拒绝参加者，重新编号抽取直到有合格的40位居民。本次问卷调查共发放了1 012份问卷，回收问卷1 000份；有效回收率为98.8%。其中男性477名，占47.7%，平均年龄(66.4±4.4)岁；女性523名，占52.3%，平均年龄(67.8±5.2)岁。文化程度以小学初中最多，占53.1%；职业则以厂矿企业职工最多，占32.9%；已婚人数有874人，占87.4%；家庭常住人口以1～3人为主，占79.7%。
1.2 方法
采用问卷与访谈相结合的方法进行调查。调查问卷参照2012年全国统一编订的《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》[2]并结合当地老年居民实际情况设计问卷。问卷内容主要包括居民的基本情况信息和健康素养。基本情况包括性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况、家庭人口数等人口学特征。健康素养包括基本健康知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能三个方面的内容。由经过专门培訓的人员集中或上门入户调查。, 百拇医药(陈丽青 冯涛 戴益莉 方辉)