老年糖尿病患者居家照护者负担与社会支持相关性调查(1)
摘 要 目的：分析老年糖尿病患者居家照护者的负担与社会支持的相关性。方法：采用便利抽样法抽取2017年9月—2018年3月徐家汇街道老年糖尿病患者的居家照护者150人进行问卷调查。采用ZBI中文版量表和社会支持量表(social support rating scale，SSRS)评估照护者的照护负担和家庭支持现状。照护负担和家庭支持间的相关性采用Pearson相关分析。共发放问卷150份，回收147份，无效3份，有效回收率为96.00%。结果：照护者中无照护负担或负担很少仅19人(13.19%)，存在照护负担125人(86.81%)。照护者中获得社会支持程度较低19人(13.20%)，中等95人(65.97%)，较高30人(20.83%)。照护者的负担水平和社会支持程度呈负相关。结论：医护人员应促进照护者与社会网络的沟通和交流，提高社会支持利用度，减轻照护负担，从而改善老年糖尿病患者及其照护者的生活质量。
关键词 糖尿病；照护者负担；社会支持
中图分类号：R587.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533(2018)18-0012-03
Survey of the relationship between the burden of home caregivers and social support in elderly patients with diabetes
YAN Yan， HE Ming， ZHU Huixian**
(Medical Department of Xujiahui Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District， Shanghai 200030， China)
ABSTRACT Objective： To analyze the correlation between the burden of home caregivers in elderly diabetic patients and social support. Methods： A convenient sampling method was used to extract 150 home caregivers in the elderly with diabetes in Xujiahui Community from September 2017 to March 2018 to conduct a questionnaire survey. The Chinese version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) scale and the social support rating scale (SSRS) were used to assess the caregiver’s care burden and family support status. The correlation between care burden and family support was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed， 147 were recovered， 3 were invalid， and the effective recovery rate was 96%. Results： In the caregivers only 19 persons (13.19%) had no or little care burden， and 125 persons (86.81%) had a care burden. Among caregivers， 19 (13.20%) had low social support， 95 (65.97%) had medium social support， and 30 (20.83%) had higher social support. The burden level of caregivers is negatively correlated with the level of social support. Conclusion： Health care workers should promote communication and exchange between caregivers and social networks， increase the use of social support， and reduce the burden of care so as to improve the quality of life of elderly diabetic patients and their caregivers.
KEY WORDS diabetes mellitus； caregiver burden； social support
糖尿病是一種内分泌性代谢性疾病，以血液中葡萄糖水平增高为特征[1]。随着我国人口预期寿命延长，老年糖尿病患者人数逐年上升。老年糖尿病患者是指≥60岁的所有糖尿病患者，包括60岁之后确诊和60岁之前确诊延续至60岁之后的患者[2]。糖尿病是终身性疾病，病程较长，在经过临床治疗后，老年糖尿病患者多数依靠照护者在家庭进行病情管理，而这种长期、终身的照护容易导致照护者产生包括生理、心理、社交、经济等多方面的负担[3-5]。照护者负担不仅影响照护者自身健康，也会对老年糖尿病患者的康复甚至整个家庭产生影响。社会支持是指个体通过社会关系，包括家庭成员、亲朋好友等获取的能够提升社会适应能力的各种支持和帮助[6]。有研究显示，精神和物质上的社会支持能减轻或避免照护者因长期繁重的照护任务产生的照护负担，从而促进患者康复[7-9]。本文旨在分析徐家汇街道社区卫生服务中心老年糖尿病患者照护者的照护负担和家庭支持现状，以及两者的相关性，为制定减轻照护者负担、促进患者康复的相关政策提供参考。, 百拇医药(严妍 贺明 朱惠仙)
关键词 糖尿病；照护者负担；社会支持
中图分类号：R587.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533(2018)18-0012-03
Survey of the relationship between the burden of home caregivers and social support in elderly patients with diabetes
YAN Yan， HE Ming， ZHU Huixian**
(Medical Department of Xujiahui Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District， Shanghai 200030， China)
ABSTRACT Objective： To analyze the correlation between the burden of home caregivers in elderly diabetic patients and social support. Methods： A convenient sampling method was used to extract 150 home caregivers in the elderly with diabetes in Xujiahui Community from September 2017 to March 2018 to conduct a questionnaire survey. The Chinese version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) scale and the social support rating scale (SSRS) were used to assess the caregiver’s care burden and family support status. The correlation between care burden and family support was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed， 147 were recovered， 3 were invalid， and the effective recovery rate was 96%. Results： In the caregivers only 19 persons (13.19%) had no or little care burden， and 125 persons (86.81%) had a care burden. Among caregivers， 19 (13.20%) had low social support， 95 (65.97%) had medium social support， and 30 (20.83%) had higher social support. The burden level of caregivers is negatively correlated with the level of social support. Conclusion： Health care workers should promote communication and exchange between caregivers and social networks， increase the use of social support， and reduce the burden of care so as to improve the quality of life of elderly diabetic patients and their caregivers.
KEY WORDS diabetes mellitus； caregiver burden； social support
糖尿病是一種内分泌性代谢性疾病，以血液中葡萄糖水平增高为特征[1]。随着我国人口预期寿命延长，老年糖尿病患者人数逐年上升。老年糖尿病患者是指≥60岁的所有糖尿病患者，包括60岁之后确诊和60岁之前确诊延续至60岁之后的患者[2]。糖尿病是终身性疾病，病程较长，在经过临床治疗后，老年糖尿病患者多数依靠照护者在家庭进行病情管理，而这种长期、终身的照护容易导致照护者产生包括生理、心理、社交、经济等多方面的负担[3-5]。照护者负担不仅影响照护者自身健康，也会对老年糖尿病患者的康复甚至整个家庭产生影响。社会支持是指个体通过社会关系，包括家庭成员、亲朋好友等获取的能够提升社会适应能力的各种支持和帮助[6]。有研究显示，精神和物质上的社会支持能减轻或避免照护者因长期繁重的照护任务产生的照护负担，从而促进患者康复[7-9]。本文旨在分析徐家汇街道社区卫生服务中心老年糖尿病患者照护者的照护负担和家庭支持现状，以及两者的相关性，为制定减轻照护者负担、促进患者康复的相关政策提供参考。, 百拇医药(严妍 贺明 朱惠仙)