中西医治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘研究进展(1)
摘要:目的 探讨中医药治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的研究进展,总结中医治疗本病的优势和不足。方法 查阅相关文献,探讨近年来中西医治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的方法、机制和规律的研究进展,分析其疗效,总结优势和不足。结果 西医研究认为咳嗽变异性哮喘若诊断明确,应停止应用抗生素,避免过敏原,治疗原则同支气管哮喘。中医治疗多在祛邪止咳的同时扶正补虚,兼顾肺脾肾三脏。结论 西药治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘效果较好,且见效快,但停药后再次遇到致敏源多会复发。中医治以"扶正、祛邪",疗效亦较满意,且不易复发。
关键词:变异性哮喘;中西医;治疗进展
Abstract:Objective This paper is to evaluate the progress of medicine and Chinese medicine treatment of cough variant asthma(CVA) and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of treatment of this disease. Methods The relevant reports on treatment of CVA in the rule of syndrome differentiation and treatmen, progress effect mechanism were investigated, the effect and advantage and summarized, and the problems in clinical study evaluation were also analyzed. Results Master the principles of western medicine treating CVA was same as bronchial asthma, stopping antibiotics and avoiding allergen after confirmed diagnosis. Master the principles of Chinese medicine treating CVA was eliminating evil and tonifying deficiency , and based on the perspective of the lung, spleen and kidney. Conclusion CVA could get effective treatment using Western medicine , but recurrence rate after ceasing of treatment was high. Curative effects of tonifying deficiency and eliminating evil for CVA were proved, and clinical studies showed obvious advantages and is not easy recrudesce.
, 百拇医药
Key words:Cough variant asthma;Chinese and Western medicine;Research progress
咳嗽变异性哮喘(cough variant asthma,CVA)是指以慢性咳嗽为主或者唯一症状的一种特殊类型的哮喘,临床多表现为刺激性的干咳,易发生在夜间或凌晨,感冒、冷空气、烟尘等易诱发或加重咳嗽症状,归属于现代医学慢性咳嗽的范畴[1]。CVA的发病机制多认为与气道非特异性炎症、细胞因子的过度分泌、遗传以及体质等多因素有关[2]。GINA(global initiativefor asthma)中提出CVA是典型支气管哮喘的一种特殊形式,或者是其发展过程中的一个阶段,不同点在于其疾病发展过程中气道逆狭窄的程度不同,故临床表现各有所不同。西医研究认为若诊断明确,应停止应用抗生素,避免过敏原,治疗原则同支气管哮喘,采用糖皮质激素、茶碱、β-受体激动剂、白三烯拮抗剂等。上述治疗效果较好,但停药后再次遇到致敏源多会复发。中医则辨证施治,治以"扶正、祛邪",疗效亦较满意。西药特点是见效快,中药优势是"治本",不易复发,现就近年来中西医治疗CVA 的情况综述如下。
, 百拇医药
1 西医治疗进展
1.1发病机制 普遍被认同的观点有:①呼吸道炎症。CVA是以慢性持续性干咳为主要表现的一种特殊类型的哮喘,其病理生理表现为多种炎性细胞和炎性介质参与的慢性呼吸道炎症性疾病,并以可逆性气流受限和呼吸道高反应性为特征。陈雪峰[3]经研究认为CVA是由炎性细胞( 如嗜酸粒细胞、嗜碱粒细胞、肥大细胞等) 释放炎性介质引起的呼吸道慢性非特异性炎症;②遗传。李华强[4]认为CVA属多基因遗传,存在数种哮喘遗传基因,易发于特定人群,其遗传度为80%。杭晶卿等[5]报道有家族史者占56.2%;③过敏。IGE介导的I型变态反应在CVA的病理方面起重要作用。于艳艳等[6]选择17种变应原分别对11例CVA 患儿及68例健康儿童进行皮肤点刺实验,结果显示80.17%的CVA患儿对1种以上变态原呈阳性,而健康儿童仅为35.29%,证实变应因素与CVA密切相关;④气道神经调节机制。胆碱能神经及肾上腺能神经,非肾上腺能非胆碱能神经失衡造成气道阻塞;⑤CVA发生的病理生理基础为气道高反应性。
1.2治疗药物
1.2.1 β2-受体激动剂 通过兴奋气道平滑肌和肥大细胞膜表面的β2受体,舒张气道平滑肌、减少介质释放、降低微血管的通透性等,从而缓解哮喘症状。主要药物有沙丁胺醇、沙美特罗、班布特罗和福莫特罗等。
1.2.2 M 胆碱受体拮抗剂 可有效阻断大气道M受体,增高咳嗽反射阈值,减轻咳嗽症状。主要药物为溴化异丙托品(爱喘乐)气雾剂等。, http://www.100md.com(孟庆岩 韩晓华 许兴福 王丽娟 刘姣)
关键词:变异性哮喘;中西医;治疗进展
Abstract:Objective This paper is to evaluate the progress of medicine and Chinese medicine treatment of cough variant asthma(CVA) and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of treatment of this disease. Methods The relevant reports on treatment of CVA in the rule of syndrome differentiation and treatmen, progress effect mechanism were investigated, the effect and advantage and summarized, and the problems in clinical study evaluation were also analyzed. Results Master the principles of western medicine treating CVA was same as bronchial asthma, stopping antibiotics and avoiding allergen after confirmed diagnosis. Master the principles of Chinese medicine treating CVA was eliminating evil and tonifying deficiency , and based on the perspective of the lung, spleen and kidney. Conclusion CVA could get effective treatment using Western medicine , but recurrence rate after ceasing of treatment was high. Curative effects of tonifying deficiency and eliminating evil for CVA were proved, and clinical studies showed obvious advantages and is not easy recrudesce.
, 百拇医药
Key words:Cough variant asthma;Chinese and Western medicine;Research progress
咳嗽变异性哮喘(cough variant asthma,CVA)是指以慢性咳嗽为主或者唯一症状的一种特殊类型的哮喘,临床多表现为刺激性的干咳,易发生在夜间或凌晨,感冒、冷空气、烟尘等易诱发或加重咳嗽症状,归属于现代医学慢性咳嗽的范畴[1]。CVA的发病机制多认为与气道非特异性炎症、细胞因子的过度分泌、遗传以及体质等多因素有关[2]。GINA(global initiativefor asthma)中提出CVA是典型支气管哮喘的一种特殊形式,或者是其发展过程中的一个阶段,不同点在于其疾病发展过程中气道逆狭窄的程度不同,故临床表现各有所不同。西医研究认为若诊断明确,应停止应用抗生素,避免过敏原,治疗原则同支气管哮喘,采用糖皮质激素、茶碱、β-受体激动剂、白三烯拮抗剂等。上述治疗效果较好,但停药后再次遇到致敏源多会复发。中医则辨证施治,治以"扶正、祛邪",疗效亦较满意。西药特点是见效快,中药优势是"治本",不易复发,现就近年来中西医治疗CVA 的情况综述如下。
, 百拇医药
1 西医治疗进展
1.1发病机制 普遍被认同的观点有:①呼吸道炎症。CVA是以慢性持续性干咳为主要表现的一种特殊类型的哮喘,其病理生理表现为多种炎性细胞和炎性介质参与的慢性呼吸道炎症性疾病,并以可逆性气流受限和呼吸道高反应性为特征。陈雪峰[3]经研究认为CVA是由炎性细胞( 如嗜酸粒细胞、嗜碱粒细胞、肥大细胞等) 释放炎性介质引起的呼吸道慢性非特异性炎症;②遗传。李华强[4]认为CVA属多基因遗传,存在数种哮喘遗传基因,易发于特定人群,其遗传度为80%。杭晶卿等[5]报道有家族史者占56.2%;③过敏。IGE介导的I型变态反应在CVA的病理方面起重要作用。于艳艳等[6]选择17种变应原分别对11例CVA 患儿及68例健康儿童进行皮肤点刺实验,结果显示80.17%的CVA患儿对1种以上变态原呈阳性,而健康儿童仅为35.29%,证实变应因素与CVA密切相关;④气道神经调节机制。胆碱能神经及肾上腺能神经,非肾上腺能非胆碱能神经失衡造成气道阻塞;⑤CVA发生的病理生理基础为气道高反应性。
1.2治疗药物
1.2.1 β2-受体激动剂 通过兴奋气道平滑肌和肥大细胞膜表面的β2受体,舒张气道平滑肌、减少介质释放、降低微血管的通透性等,从而缓解哮喘症状。主要药物有沙丁胺醇、沙美特罗、班布特罗和福莫特罗等。
1.2.2 M 胆碱受体拮抗剂 可有效阻断大气道M受体,增高咳嗽反射阈值,减轻咳嗽症状。主要药物为溴化异丙托品(爱喘乐)气雾剂等。, http://www.100md.com(孟庆岩 韩晓华 许兴福 王丽娟 刘姣)