小儿后腹腔镜肾切除和肾部分切除术临床分析(1)
摘要:目的 评价后腹腔镜肾切除术和部分切除术在小儿患者中的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2011年~2014年于我院住院的40例小儿肾疾病需行后腹腔镜肾切除或肾部分切除术患者,分析患者的一般资料、手术时间、手术并发症并与开放手术相关资料对比。结果 40例患儿中,共实施了30例肾切除和10例肾部分切除术。患者平均年龄84月(7~175月)。病变多以先天性疾病为主如膀胱输尿管返流,UPJ、多囊性肾疾病。平均总手术时间约158 min(60~280 min),其中肾部分切除术手术时间平均为150 min,肾切除手术时间为70 min,无术中并发症发生,包括手术并发症及麻醉并发症。无明显出血需输血患者,无术后并发症发生。平均术后住院时间为5 d。引流管拔除时间为平均为术后第2 d。结论 后腹腔镜肾切除术及肾部分切除术治疗小儿肾脏疾病是安全有效的。
关键词:小儿;后腹腔镜;肾切除术;肾部分切除术
Abstract:Objective The aim was to evaluate our experience in the retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach in total and partial nephrectomies in children.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 40 patients who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic total or partial nephrectomies performed in our center from 2011 to 2014. We looked at the demographic data, age at surgery, indication, operative time, surgical complications, conversion to open surgery and operative complications.Results 30 total and 10 partial nephrectomies were performed. The mean age was 84 months (7~175Months). Vesicoureteric reflux, pelviureteric junction obstruction, and multicystic dysplastic kidney disease were the main underlying pathologies.The mean operative time was 158min(60~280min). There were no intraoperative complications (surgical and anesthetic), and no significant blood loss was observed. Conversion to open surgery was necessary in two cases caused by failure to progress due to difficult anatomy during the partial nephrectomies. No major postoperative complications were noted. The mean hospital stay was 5days (1~8). A drain was used in all cases and was removed after a mean of 2 days.Conclusion Laparoscopic retroperitoneoscopic renal surgery can be carried out safely and effectively in children.
, http://www.100md.com
Key words:Children;Laparoscopy;Nephrectomy;Partial nephrectomy;Retroperitoneal
近年來,,泌尿外科微创手术因其切口小、疼痛小、恢复快、住院时间短等优点[1-3]在临床中的应用越来越广泛。在小儿泌尿外科领域越来越重视,小儿肾脏疾病的腹腔镜手术可以通过腹腔途径也可以经过腹膜外途径[4]。两种手术入路各有优缺点,经腹腔途径手术操作空间大,解剖标志清晰。而经腹膜后途径手术更具挑战性,因为操作空间小并且无解剖标志,但是手术中不进入腹腔,对腹腔内脏器的干扰较小,术后恢复快[5]。我院自2011年~2014年共完成40例后腹腔镜肾脏手术,包括30例肾切除和10例肾部分切除术的小儿患者,效果明显,报到如下:
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料 回顾性分析2011年~2014年我院住院的40后腹腔镜肾脏相关疾病手术患者,包括肾切除和部分切除术患者。患者平均年龄84月(7~175月),其中男性23例,女性17例,病变位于左肾19例,右肾21例。病变多以先天性疾病为主者28例,如膀胱输尿管返流,UPJ、多囊性肾疾病。以肿瘤为主者12例;30例患者接受肾切除;10例患者接受肾部分切除术,所有患者术前均行肾脏CT增强、肾血管成像及IVU检查。采集各患者年龄、手术时间、手术并发症并与开放手术对比。
, http://www.100md.com
1.2方法 患者均在全麻下实施手术、采用经腹膜后入路,患者取健侧卧位,腰部抬高,常规消毒、铺巾,连接腹腔镜相应设备。于腋后线12肋下作一2 cm小切口,切开皮肤、皮下,用血管钳钝性分开肌肉和腰背筋膜,食指伸入腹膜后间隙作钝性分离,置入可视球囊并充气约500 ml,维持5 min后排气并拔除球囊导管。腋后线切口置入10 mmTrocar,建立腹膜后CO2人工气腹(气腹压设定10 mmHg)并置入腹腔镜,于腋前线肋缘下2 cm及腋中线髂嵴上方两横指尖刀作一小切口,镜下分别置入5 mm、10 mmTrocar并妥善固定。腹腔镜换由腋中线髂嵴上方Trocar置入,调整腋后线Trocar位置并妥善固定。另2个Trocar分别置入操作器械。腔镜下观察腹膜后解剖标志,打开肾周筋膜,上至膈下,下达髂窝。打开肾周脂肪,依次分离肾周三个解剖平面:①腹膜后肾前间隙。②腰大肌前肾后间隙。③肾和肾上腺间隙。由第二个间隙逐层向深部分离。小心分离并显露肾动脉,清晰显露瘤体及周边2.0cm范围内的肾组织。无损伤"哈巴狗钳"钳夹闭肾动脉并开始计时,用剪刀距肿瘤边缘约0.5 cm剪开肾包膜,紧贴瘤体包膜将肿瘤完整切除,用2-0可吸收线贯穿基底、不留死腔、"8"字缝合创面,线结基底部以Hem-l-lock夹闭以减轻张力及避免缝线切割。去除肾动脉"哈巴狗钳",观察肾缝合口处无明显出血。将切除之肿瘤取出。镜下置入引流管,间断缝合肌层、皮下及皮肤。如行肾切除,则游离肾动静脉后Hem-lock夹闭并根据病变性质单纯切除肾脏或将肾脏及部分肾周筋膜切除。, http://www.100md.com(周洪月 杨文增 张彦桥)
关键词:小儿;后腹腔镜;肾切除术;肾部分切除术
Abstract:Objective The aim was to evaluate our experience in the retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach in total and partial nephrectomies in children.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 40 patients who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic total or partial nephrectomies performed in our center from 2011 to 2014. We looked at the demographic data, age at surgery, indication, operative time, surgical complications, conversion to open surgery and operative complications.Results 30 total and 10 partial nephrectomies were performed. The mean age was 84 months (7~175Months). Vesicoureteric reflux, pelviureteric junction obstruction, and multicystic dysplastic kidney disease were the main underlying pathologies.The mean operative time was 158min(60~280min). There were no intraoperative complications (surgical and anesthetic), and no significant blood loss was observed. Conversion to open surgery was necessary in two cases caused by failure to progress due to difficult anatomy during the partial nephrectomies. No major postoperative complications were noted. The mean hospital stay was 5days (1~8). A drain was used in all cases and was removed after a mean of 2 days.Conclusion Laparoscopic retroperitoneoscopic renal surgery can be carried out safely and effectively in children.
, http://www.100md.com
Key words:Children;Laparoscopy;Nephrectomy;Partial nephrectomy;Retroperitoneal
近年來,,泌尿外科微创手术因其切口小、疼痛小、恢复快、住院时间短等优点[1-3]在临床中的应用越来越广泛。在小儿泌尿外科领域越来越重视,小儿肾脏疾病的腹腔镜手术可以通过腹腔途径也可以经过腹膜外途径[4]。两种手术入路各有优缺点,经腹腔途径手术操作空间大,解剖标志清晰。而经腹膜后途径手术更具挑战性,因为操作空间小并且无解剖标志,但是手术中不进入腹腔,对腹腔内脏器的干扰较小,术后恢复快[5]。我院自2011年~2014年共完成40例后腹腔镜肾脏手术,包括30例肾切除和10例肾部分切除术的小儿患者,效果明显,报到如下:
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料 回顾性分析2011年~2014年我院住院的40后腹腔镜肾脏相关疾病手术患者,包括肾切除和部分切除术患者。患者平均年龄84月(7~175月),其中男性23例,女性17例,病变位于左肾19例,右肾21例。病变多以先天性疾病为主者28例,如膀胱输尿管返流,UPJ、多囊性肾疾病。以肿瘤为主者12例;30例患者接受肾切除;10例患者接受肾部分切除术,所有患者术前均行肾脏CT增强、肾血管成像及IVU检查。采集各患者年龄、手术时间、手术并发症并与开放手术对比。
, http://www.100md.com
1.2方法 患者均在全麻下实施手术、采用经腹膜后入路,患者取健侧卧位,腰部抬高,常规消毒、铺巾,连接腹腔镜相应设备。于腋后线12肋下作一2 cm小切口,切开皮肤、皮下,用血管钳钝性分开肌肉和腰背筋膜,食指伸入腹膜后间隙作钝性分离,置入可视球囊并充气约500 ml,维持5 min后排气并拔除球囊导管。腋后线切口置入10 mmTrocar,建立腹膜后CO2人工气腹(气腹压设定10 mmHg)并置入腹腔镜,于腋前线肋缘下2 cm及腋中线髂嵴上方两横指尖刀作一小切口,镜下分别置入5 mm、10 mmTrocar并妥善固定。腹腔镜换由腋中线髂嵴上方Trocar置入,调整腋后线Trocar位置并妥善固定。另2个Trocar分别置入操作器械。腔镜下观察腹膜后解剖标志,打开肾周筋膜,上至膈下,下达髂窝。打开肾周脂肪,依次分离肾周三个解剖平面:①腹膜后肾前间隙。②腰大肌前肾后间隙。③肾和肾上腺间隙。由第二个间隙逐层向深部分离。小心分离并显露肾动脉,清晰显露瘤体及周边2.0cm范围内的肾组织。无损伤"哈巴狗钳"钳夹闭肾动脉并开始计时,用剪刀距肿瘤边缘约0.5 cm剪开肾包膜,紧贴瘤体包膜将肿瘤完整切除,用2-0可吸收线贯穿基底、不留死腔、"8"字缝合创面,线结基底部以Hem-l-lock夹闭以减轻张力及避免缝线切割。去除肾动脉"哈巴狗钳",观察肾缝合口处无明显出血。将切除之肿瘤取出。镜下置入引流管,间断缝合肌层、皮下及皮肤。如行肾切除,则游离肾动静脉后Hem-lock夹闭并根据病变性质单纯切除肾脏或将肾脏及部分肾周筋膜切除。, http://www.100md.com(周洪月 杨文增 张彦桥)