妊娠早期甲状腺激素水平与妊娠期糖尿病相关性研究(3)
3.2亞临床甲状腺功能减低与妊娠期糖尿病
亚临床甲减与GDM是妊娠期常见的内科合并症,对母胎的近期及远期都有不良影响[3, 5, 16]。本研究中GDM的发病率为17.68%,这与既往研究结果一致[1,19]。而孕早期发生亚临床甲减的孕妇并发GDM的比例明显升高,增加至24.37%。来自Konstantinos A.Toulis的一篇mata-analysis表明,若假定GDM的发病率为5%,那么在亚临床甲减孕妇中发生GDM的风险将比甲状腺功能正常者增加一倍[14]。在亚临床甲减患者中存在游离脂肪酸水平升高、胰岛素进入胰岛素敏感组织能力降低、葡萄糖转运子2移位。且以上病理机制均出现在高血糖及高胰岛素血症之前,因此亚临床甲减被认为是一种胰岛素抵抗状态[14]。一项研究表明, FT3、FT4与胰岛素抵抗指标HOMA-IR明显相关[20]。Bilic-Komarica E等的研究表明[21],对空腹胰岛素水平升高的亚临床甲低患者给予甲状腺素治疗后,空腹胰岛素水平降至正常水平。
, 百拇医药
本研究回顾性分析GDM患者妊娠早期甲状腺激素水平特点,发现GDM孕妇中亚临床甲减明显多于正常对照组。但本研究未分析亚临床甲减患者接受甲状腺素治疗后对妊娠期糖尿病发病及妊娠结局的影响,为明确此相关性,仍有赖于前瞻性研究和干预性临床试验的进一步验证,这也是此研究的局限性和进一步研究的可能方向。
参考文献:
[1]Zhu W W,Yang H X,Wei Y M,et al.Evaluation of the Value of Fasting Plasma Glucose in the First Prenatal Visit to Diagnose Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in China[J].Diabetes Care,2013,36(3):586-590.
[2]Bonde L,Vilsbφll T,Nielsen T,et al.Reduced postprandial GLP-1 responses in women with gestational diabetes mellitus[J].Diabetes Obesity&Metabolism,2013,15(8):713-720.
, 百拇医药
[3]Jr E J,Catalano P M,Waters T P.Perinatal outcomes associated with the diagnosis of gestational diabetes made by the international association of the diabetes and pregnancy study groups criteria[J].Obstetrics&Gynecology,2014,124(3):571-578.
[4]Beharier O,Shohamvardi I,Pariente G,et al.Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a Significant Risk Factor for Long Term Maternal Renal Disease[J].Journal of Clinical Endocrinology& Metabolism,2015,100(4):1412-1416.
, 百拇医药
[5]Kessous R,Shohamvardi I,Pariente G,et al.An association between gestational diabetes mellitus and long-term maternal cardiovascular morbidity[J].Heart,2013,99(15):1118-1121.
[6]Farrar D,Simmonds M,Bryant M,et al.Treatments for gestational diabetes:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Bmj Open,2017,7(6):e015557.
[7]Wei B,Baecker A,Song Y,et al.Adipokine levels during the first or early second trimester of pregnancy and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus:A systematic review[J]. Metabolism-clinical&Experimental,2015,64(6):756-764.
, 百拇医药
[8]Miehle K,Stepan H,Fasshauer M.Leptin,adiponectin and other adipokines in gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia[J].Clinical Endocrinology,2012,76(1):2-11.
[9]De Seymour J V,Conlon C A,Sulek K,et al.Early pregnancy metabolite profiling discovers a potential biomarker for the subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus[J].Acta Diabetologica,2014,51(5):887-890.
[10]Eleftheriades M,Papastefanou I,Lambrinoudaki I,et al.Elevated placental growth factor concentrations at 11-14 weeks of gestation to predict gestational diabetes mellitus[J].Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental,2014,63(11):1419-1425., 百拇医药(邓松清 陈海天 祝彩霞 刘斌 王冬昱 王子莲)
亚临床甲减与GDM是妊娠期常见的内科合并症,对母胎的近期及远期都有不良影响[3, 5, 16]。本研究中GDM的发病率为17.68%,这与既往研究结果一致[1,19]。而孕早期发生亚临床甲减的孕妇并发GDM的比例明显升高,增加至24.37%。来自Konstantinos A.Toulis的一篇mata-analysis表明,若假定GDM的发病率为5%,那么在亚临床甲减孕妇中发生GDM的风险将比甲状腺功能正常者增加一倍[14]。在亚临床甲减患者中存在游离脂肪酸水平升高、胰岛素进入胰岛素敏感组织能力降低、葡萄糖转运子2移位。且以上病理机制均出现在高血糖及高胰岛素血症之前,因此亚临床甲减被认为是一种胰岛素抵抗状态[14]。一项研究表明, FT3、FT4与胰岛素抵抗指标HOMA-IR明显相关[20]。Bilic-Komarica E等的研究表明[21],对空腹胰岛素水平升高的亚临床甲低患者给予甲状腺素治疗后,空腹胰岛素水平降至正常水平。
, 百拇医药
本研究回顾性分析GDM患者妊娠早期甲状腺激素水平特点,发现GDM孕妇中亚临床甲减明显多于正常对照组。但本研究未分析亚临床甲减患者接受甲状腺素治疗后对妊娠期糖尿病发病及妊娠结局的影响,为明确此相关性,仍有赖于前瞻性研究和干预性临床试验的进一步验证,这也是此研究的局限性和进一步研究的可能方向。
参考文献:
[1]Zhu W W,Yang H X,Wei Y M,et al.Evaluation of the Value of Fasting Plasma Glucose in the First Prenatal Visit to Diagnose Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in China[J].Diabetes Care,2013,36(3):586-590.
[2]Bonde L,Vilsbφll T,Nielsen T,et al.Reduced postprandial GLP-1 responses in women with gestational diabetes mellitus[J].Diabetes Obesity&Metabolism,2013,15(8):713-720.
, 百拇医药
[3]Jr E J,Catalano P M,Waters T P.Perinatal outcomes associated with the diagnosis of gestational diabetes made by the international association of the diabetes and pregnancy study groups criteria[J].Obstetrics&Gynecology,2014,124(3):571-578.
[4]Beharier O,Shohamvardi I,Pariente G,et al.Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a Significant Risk Factor for Long Term Maternal Renal Disease[J].Journal of Clinical Endocrinology& Metabolism,2015,100(4):1412-1416.
, 百拇医药
[5]Kessous R,Shohamvardi I,Pariente G,et al.An association between gestational diabetes mellitus and long-term maternal cardiovascular morbidity[J].Heart,2013,99(15):1118-1121.
[6]Farrar D,Simmonds M,Bryant M,et al.Treatments for gestational diabetes:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Bmj Open,2017,7(6):e015557.
[7]Wei B,Baecker A,Song Y,et al.Adipokine levels during the first or early second trimester of pregnancy and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus:A systematic review[J]. Metabolism-clinical&Experimental,2015,64(6):756-764.
, 百拇医药
[8]Miehle K,Stepan H,Fasshauer M.Leptin,adiponectin and other adipokines in gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia[J].Clinical Endocrinology,2012,76(1):2-11.
[9]De Seymour J V,Conlon C A,Sulek K,et al.Early pregnancy metabolite profiling discovers a potential biomarker for the subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus[J].Acta Diabetologica,2014,51(5):887-890.
[10]Eleftheriades M,Papastefanou I,Lambrinoudaki I,et al.Elevated placental growth factor concentrations at 11-14 weeks of gestation to predict gestational diabetes mellitus[J].Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental,2014,63(11):1419-1425., 百拇医药(邓松清 陈海天 祝彩霞 刘斌 王冬昱 王子莲)
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