胆道手术后胆漏的临床分析(1)
摘 要:目的 研究胆道手术后出现胆瘘的原因及相应预防措施。方法 选取我院2006年1月~2017年1月胆道手术治疗后出现胆瘘的56例患者,对其进行分析、寻找原因、观察治疗效果。结果 17例患者由于胆囊床的毛细胆管和细小副肝管损伤出现胆漏,12例由于胆囊残端漏导致,9例由于膽总管损伤导致,6例术后早期T管脱落引起胆漏,5例由于术后T型管拔除后出现胆漏,4例由于肝创面胆漏,3例由于胆肠吻合口漏。手术治疗后,52例(92.86%)患者痊愈,4例(7.14%)实施十二指肠术后出现胆漏合并中毒和多脏器功能衰竭现象。结论 胆道手术前医护人员应全面掌握肝胆的详细解剖结构,具备熟练的操作技巧,这样才能够有效降低术后出现胆瘘的几率。
关键词:胆道手术;胆瘘;预防措施
中图分类号:R657.4 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.01.076
文章编号:1006-1959(2018)01-0189-02
, 百拇医药
Clinical Analysis of Bile Leakage after Biliary Surgery
ZHANG Zhen-gang
(Department of General Surgery,People's Hospital of Xifeng District,Qingyang 745000,Gansu,China)
Abstract:Objective To study the causes of gallbladder fistula after biliary tract surgery and corresponding preventive measures.Methods 56 patients with biliary fistula after biliary surgery in our hospital from January 2006 to January 2017 were analyzed,the reasons were investigated,and the therapeutic effect was observed.Results In 17 patients,gallbladder leakage occurred in the gallbladder bed and small accessory hepatic duct.12 cases with gallbladder stump leakage in 9 cases,the common bile duct injury,6 cases of early postoperative T tube shedding induced by bile leakage,5 cases due to removal of the T tube after postoperative bile leakage,4 cases of liver wound due to bile leakage,3 cases with biliary enteric anastomotic leakage.After surgical treatment.52 cases(92.86%)were cured,4 cases(7.14%)the implementation of postoperative duodenal bile leakage and poisoning complicated with multiple organ failure.Conclusion Biliary tract surgery before medical personnel should fully grasp the detailed anatomy of the liver, with the operation of skilled,so that it can effectively reduce the risk of biliary fistula occurred after operation.近年来,我国临床手术治疗胆道疾病的患者日渐增多,手术治疗能改善患者的临床症状,提高患者生存质量[1]。胆道手术后胆漏是指含有胆汁的液体通过非正常渠道持续流出,若是未采取积极有效的治疗措施,会使患者出现如发热、腹痛、恶心等一系列症状,情况严重者甚至会出现中毒性休克[2]。本研究选择我院2016年1月~2017年1月胆道外科实施手术治疗后出现胆瘘的56例患者,分析患者的临床资料,以期为临床中预防手术治疗后胆瘘的发生提供参考。
, 百拇医药
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料 选择我院2006年1月~2017年1月胆道手术治疗后出现胆瘘的患者56例,男24例,女32例;年龄38~69岁,平均年龄(53.2±6.2)岁;手术类型:42例为胆囊切除术,11例为胆总管探查术后,3例为胆肠吻合术后;胆漏时间:44例为术后7 d内,12例为术后7~14 d内。
1.2胆漏的原因 术后胆囊床的毛细胆管及细小副肝管损伤,术后胆囊管残端漏,胆总管损伤,术后早期T型管脱落,术后T型管拔出后,肝创面损伤,胆肠吻合口漏等因素都会导致胆漏出现。
1.3临床表现 患者在术后或者T管拔出后存在剧烈腹痛或者轻度腹痛、腹部包块、腹胀、高热、黄疸等胆汁性腹膜炎等症状,腹腔引流管引流出20~1200 ml的胆汁或含有胆汁的液体,通过超声检查能够见到周围有积液或者隔下有积液,腹腔穿刺能够抽出胆汁样液体。
1.4方法 胆漏出现以后应根据患者的症状分轻型、重型。轻型:患者的全身症状较轻,未扩散到整个腹膜,患者去半卧位或者右侧卧位,禁饮、禁食,实施胃肠减压,积极预防抗生素感染,纠正电解质、水以及酸碱平衡紊乱,抑制胆汁的分泌以及给予营养支持,确保引流管通畅,早期可实施负压引流,等病情好转后,可转为常压引流[3]。重型:一些患者出现弥漫性腹膜炎,或者引流过程中胆汁流量超过300 ml,未见明显减少,伴有发热、白细胞上升、电解质紊乱等,应实施手术治疗或行ERCP治疗。腹膜炎扩散的程度较严重以及腹腔引流管不通畅的患者需要进行手术治疗。医护人员先找出导致胆漏的因素,再根据胆漏处瘘管的实际情况制定适宜的手术方案进行治疗。利用B超的引导给予T型管引流脱落或者是拔出之后出现胆漏现象的患者进行T型管重置以及二次修补支撑术[4]。, http://www.100md.com(张振刚)
关键词:胆道手术;胆瘘;预防措施
中图分类号:R657.4 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.01.076
文章编号:1006-1959(2018)01-0189-02
, 百拇医药
Clinical Analysis of Bile Leakage after Biliary Surgery
ZHANG Zhen-gang
(Department of General Surgery,People's Hospital of Xifeng District,Qingyang 745000,Gansu,China)
Abstract:Objective To study the causes of gallbladder fistula after biliary tract surgery and corresponding preventive measures.Methods 56 patients with biliary fistula after biliary surgery in our hospital from January 2006 to January 2017 were analyzed,the reasons were investigated,and the therapeutic effect was observed.Results In 17 patients,gallbladder leakage occurred in the gallbladder bed and small accessory hepatic duct.12 cases with gallbladder stump leakage in 9 cases,the common bile duct injury,6 cases of early postoperative T tube shedding induced by bile leakage,5 cases due to removal of the T tube after postoperative bile leakage,4 cases of liver wound due to bile leakage,3 cases with biliary enteric anastomotic leakage.After surgical treatment.52 cases(92.86%)were cured,4 cases(7.14%)the implementation of postoperative duodenal bile leakage and poisoning complicated with multiple organ failure.Conclusion Biliary tract surgery before medical personnel should fully grasp the detailed anatomy of the liver, with the operation of skilled,so that it can effectively reduce the risk of biliary fistula occurred after operation.近年来,我国临床手术治疗胆道疾病的患者日渐增多,手术治疗能改善患者的临床症状,提高患者生存质量[1]。胆道手术后胆漏是指含有胆汁的液体通过非正常渠道持续流出,若是未采取积极有效的治疗措施,会使患者出现如发热、腹痛、恶心等一系列症状,情况严重者甚至会出现中毒性休克[2]。本研究选择我院2016年1月~2017年1月胆道外科实施手术治疗后出现胆瘘的56例患者,分析患者的临床资料,以期为临床中预防手术治疗后胆瘘的发生提供参考。
, 百拇医药
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料 选择我院2006年1月~2017年1月胆道手术治疗后出现胆瘘的患者56例,男24例,女32例;年龄38~69岁,平均年龄(53.2±6.2)岁;手术类型:42例为胆囊切除术,11例为胆总管探查术后,3例为胆肠吻合术后;胆漏时间:44例为术后7 d内,12例为术后7~14 d内。
1.2胆漏的原因 术后胆囊床的毛细胆管及细小副肝管损伤,术后胆囊管残端漏,胆总管损伤,术后早期T型管脱落,术后T型管拔出后,肝创面损伤,胆肠吻合口漏等因素都会导致胆漏出现。
1.3临床表现 患者在术后或者T管拔出后存在剧烈腹痛或者轻度腹痛、腹部包块、腹胀、高热、黄疸等胆汁性腹膜炎等症状,腹腔引流管引流出20~1200 ml的胆汁或含有胆汁的液体,通过超声检查能够见到周围有积液或者隔下有积液,腹腔穿刺能够抽出胆汁样液体。
1.4方法 胆漏出现以后应根据患者的症状分轻型、重型。轻型:患者的全身症状较轻,未扩散到整个腹膜,患者去半卧位或者右侧卧位,禁饮、禁食,实施胃肠减压,积极预防抗生素感染,纠正电解质、水以及酸碱平衡紊乱,抑制胆汁的分泌以及给予营养支持,确保引流管通畅,早期可实施负压引流,等病情好转后,可转为常压引流[3]。重型:一些患者出现弥漫性腹膜炎,或者引流过程中胆汁流量超过300 ml,未见明显减少,伴有发热、白细胞上升、电解质紊乱等,应实施手术治疗或行ERCP治疗。腹膜炎扩散的程度较严重以及腹腔引流管不通畅的患者需要进行手术治疗。医护人员先找出导致胆漏的因素,再根据胆漏处瘘管的实际情况制定适宜的手术方案进行治疗。利用B超的引导给予T型管引流脱落或者是拔出之后出现胆漏现象的患者进行T型管重置以及二次修补支撑术[4]。, http://www.100md.com(张振刚)