肠道微生物在精神分裂症中的研究进展(3)
個体饮食结构的变化能引起肠道菌群组成和功能上的变化,这些变化反过来可以影响先天性和获得性的免疫反应[37]。近年来的研究表明,无谷蛋白的饮食习惯能改善精神分裂症患者的症状[38],一些出院后的患者称抑制谷蛋白的摄取,如远离谷类、高蛋白类食物能有效缓解精神分裂症的症状[39],但是这并不能排除个体谷蛋白敏感性上的差异,还需要进行大量的流行病学研究和临床试验来进一步确认谷蛋白和精神分裂症之间的联系和可能存在的分子机制。另外,粪便移植是最早被发现能改善肠道菌群稳态的方式,在无肠道菌群的小鼠中分别移植健康小鼠和患病小鼠的粪便,受试小鼠会表现出和粪便供体小鼠类似的肠道菌群组成和行为表型。尽管现阶段尚未有研究全面揭示精神分裂症患者的肠道菌群组成,但是相比于传统的抗精神病药物治疗,通过口服微生物制剂或进行微生物移植从而改变肠道微生物菌群的组成有望成为更方便、更有效且低毒性的精神分裂症治疗新策略。
4总结
肠道微生物菌群和精神分裂症之间存在着紧密的联系,该联系的实现依赖于脑-肠-轴的功能,肠道微生物菌群能够通过调节大脑神经发育、免疫功能、菌群代谢过程等方面影响精神分裂症患者的认知和行为。虽然部分肠道菌群失调和精神分裂症之间的联系已被证实,但是由于肠道菌群数量、种类的复杂性,鉴定某种特异菌群和精神分裂症之间的联系也是复杂多变的,也可能是一种非特异性的联系,而不是因果关系。同时有证据表明,益生菌等肠道菌群在提高精神分裂症患者免疫反应、改善患者认知功能上的作用,这为肠道微生物菌群在预防或治疗精神分裂症等精神类疾病提供了新的靶点和思路。
, http://www.100md.com
参考文献:
[1]Caso JR,Balanza-Martinez V,Palomo T,et al.The Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis:Contributions to the Immunopathogenesis of Schizophrenia[J].Curr Pharm Des,2016,22(40):6122-6133.
[2]Rosenblat JD,Cha DS,Mansur RB,et al.Inflamedmoods:A review of the interactions between inflammation and mood disorders[J].Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry,2014,17(53):23-34.
[3]JA Romijn,EP Corssmit,LM Havekes,et al.Gut-brain axis[J].Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care,2008,11(4):518-521.
, 百拇医药
[4]Bravo JA,Forsythe P,Chew MV,et al.Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2011,108(38):16050-16055.
[5]Douglas-Escobar,Elliott M.E,Neu J.Effect of intestinal microbial ecology on the developing brain[J].JAMA Pediatr,2013,167(4):374-379.
[6]Penders J.Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy[J].Pediatrics,2006,118(2):511-521.
, 百拇医药
[7]RD Heijtz,S Wang,F Anuar,et al.Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2011,108(7):3047-3052.
[8]N Sudo,Y Chida,Y Aiba,et al.Postnatal microbial colonization programs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system for stress response in mice[J].J Physiol,2004,558(1):263-275.
[9]Forsythe P,Bienenstock J.Immunomodulation by commensal and probiotic bacteria[J].Immunol Invest,2010,39(4-5):429-448.
, 百拇医药
[10]Erny D,Hrabe de Angelis,Prinz M.Communicating systems in the body:howmicrobiota and microglia cooperate[J].Immunology,2017,150(1):7-15.
[11]M Vétizou,JM Pitt,R Daillère,et al.Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota[J].Science,2015,350(6264):1079-1084.
[12]Erny D,Hrabe de Angelis AL,Jaitin D,et al.Hostmicrobiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS[J].Nat Neurosci,2015,18(7):965-977., http://www.100md.com(邹超杰 程宇琪)
4总结
肠道微生物菌群和精神分裂症之间存在着紧密的联系,该联系的实现依赖于脑-肠-轴的功能,肠道微生物菌群能够通过调节大脑神经发育、免疫功能、菌群代谢过程等方面影响精神分裂症患者的认知和行为。虽然部分肠道菌群失调和精神分裂症之间的联系已被证实,但是由于肠道菌群数量、种类的复杂性,鉴定某种特异菌群和精神分裂症之间的联系也是复杂多变的,也可能是一种非特异性的联系,而不是因果关系。同时有证据表明,益生菌等肠道菌群在提高精神分裂症患者免疫反应、改善患者认知功能上的作用,这为肠道微生物菌群在预防或治疗精神分裂症等精神类疾病提供了新的靶点和思路。
, http://www.100md.com
参考文献:
[1]Caso JR,Balanza-Martinez V,Palomo T,et al.The Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis:Contributions to the Immunopathogenesis of Schizophrenia[J].Curr Pharm Des,2016,22(40):6122-6133.
[2]Rosenblat JD,Cha DS,Mansur RB,et al.Inflamedmoods:A review of the interactions between inflammation and mood disorders[J].Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry,2014,17(53):23-34.
[3]JA Romijn,EP Corssmit,LM Havekes,et al.Gut-brain axis[J].Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care,2008,11(4):518-521.
, 百拇医药
[4]Bravo JA,Forsythe P,Chew MV,et al.Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2011,108(38):16050-16055.
[5]Douglas-Escobar,Elliott M.E,Neu J.Effect of intestinal microbial ecology on the developing brain[J].JAMA Pediatr,2013,167(4):374-379.
[6]Penders J.Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy[J].Pediatrics,2006,118(2):511-521.
, 百拇医药
[7]RD Heijtz,S Wang,F Anuar,et al.Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2011,108(7):3047-3052.
[8]N Sudo,Y Chida,Y Aiba,et al.Postnatal microbial colonization programs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system for stress response in mice[J].J Physiol,2004,558(1):263-275.
[9]Forsythe P,Bienenstock J.Immunomodulation by commensal and probiotic bacteria[J].Immunol Invest,2010,39(4-5):429-448.
, 百拇医药
[10]Erny D,Hrabe de Angelis,Prinz M.Communicating systems in the body:howmicrobiota and microglia cooperate[J].Immunology,2017,150(1):7-15.
[11]M Vétizou,JM Pitt,R Daillère,et al.Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota[J].Science,2015,350(6264):1079-1084.
[12]Erny D,Hrabe de Angelis AL,Jaitin D,et al.Hostmicrobiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS[J].Nat Neurosci,2015,18(7):965-977., http://www.100md.com(邹超杰 程宇琪)