巨大肺动脉瘤伴重度肺动脉高压1例并文献复习(1)
摘 要:肺动脉瘤伴肺动脉高压的典型特点为肺循环阻力增加、肺血增多,呼吸困难和心力衰竭为主要的临床症状,CTA结合三维图像重组技术能全面、直观地显示瘤体的部位,手术治疗是巨大肺动脉瘤伴重度肺动脉高压的主要治疗手段。本文主要报道2017年2月收治的1例巨大肺动脉瘤伴重度肺动脉高压患者诊治经过,该例患者肺动脉瘤瘤体巨大,合并肺动脉高压重度,以突发的胸闷、气短急诊就诊。入院予以强心、利尿、抗感染等基础治疗后行手术治疗,术后密切监护治疗,恢复满意。同时结合相关文献进行复习,旨在加强对肺动脉瘤伴肺动脉高压的临床、影像、病理特点的认识,提高对肺动脉瘤伴肺动脉高压的早期认识和治疗。
关键词:肺动脉瘤;肺动脉高压;外科治疗;体层摄影术
中图分类号:R543.2 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.03.073
文章编号:1006-1959(2018)03-0191-02
, 百拇医药
Abstract:Typical features of pulmonary aneurysm with pulmonary hypertension are increased pulmonary vascular resistance, increased pulmonary blood flow, dyspnea and heart failure as the main clinical symptoms.CTA combined with three-dimensional image reconstruction can comprehensively and directly show the tumor site.Surgical treatment is a major pulmonary aneurism with severe pulmonary hypertension treatment.This article mainly reports in February 2017 admitted to a case of huge pulmonary aneurysm with severe pulmonary hypertension diagnosis and treatment of patients, the patients with pulmonary aneurysm huge,severe pulmonary hypertension,with sudden chest tightness,shortness of breath emergency treatment.Admission to cardiac,diuretic,anti-infective and other basic treatment after surgery,close monitoring after treatment,recovery satisfaction.At the same time with the review of relevant literature,aimed at strengthening the pulmonary artery aneurysm with pulmonary hypertension,clinical,imaging,pathological features of awareness,improve pulmonary aneurysms with pulmonary hypertension early recognition and treatment.
, 百拇医药
Key words:Pulmonary aneurysm;Pulmonary hypertension;Surgical treatment;Tomography
1 臨床资料
患者男,29岁,以“突发胸闷、气短1天”主诉入院。患者入院前1 d进食后突发胸闷、气短,进而出现气促、呼吸困难,伴心悸、大汗,急诊就诊入院。查体:急性病容,口唇轻度发绀,颈静脉充盈;听诊双肺呼吸音粗,可闻及散在湿性啰音,心界扩大,胸骨左缘第2~3肋间可闻及收缩期吹风样杂音。辅助检查:(胸部+心脏)CTA:先天性心脏病,动脉导管未闭,肺动脉瘤样扩张,左右心室增大、心肌肥厚(见图1)。心脏彩超:动脉导管未闭(管型);大动脉水平左向右分流;肺动脉明显增宽,主动脉轻度增宽;右室壁增厚;肺动脉高压(重度);三尖瓣关闭不全(中-重度);主动脉瓣反流、二尖瓣反流(轻度)。胸片:心影明显增大,肺血增多。心电图:窦性心律(67 bpm),心电轴右偏,完全性右束支阻滞,ST-T改变。血常规:红细胞计数 6.46×1012/L,血红蛋白198 g/L。
, 百拇医药
患者入院予以强心、利尿、止咳、化痰、抗感染等基础治疗,术前对手术耐受及综合情况进行系统评估。在全麻低温体外循环下行“动脉导管未闭切断缝合术+肺动脉成形术+室间隔缺损修补术+三尖瓣成形术”。术中见:心脏增大,左心为著,AO:PA=1:4;动脉导管未闭,呈管型,内经10 mm;主肺动脉近心端瘤样扩张,内径10 cm;室间隔缺损(膜部),大小约8 mm×9 mm;手术过程顺利,术后送ICU恢复,第4 d转回普通病房,术后1周患者康复出院。术后1 周心脏彩超:动脉导管未闭切断缝合术+肺动脉成形术+室间隔缺损修补术+三尖瓣成形术后;室水平未见分流;大动脉水平未见分流;心功能正常低限;肺动脉压正常范围(28 mmHg,收缩压);三尖瓣反流(轻度)。1个月、3个月后复查,心脏彩超示心功能正常,其余指标较前好转。继续随访至6月以上,各项指标稳定,日常体力活动不受限,恢复满意。
2 讨论
肺动脉瘤(pulmonary artery aneurysm,PAA)是由各种原因引起的主肺动脉或分支肺动脉血管壁的全层病理性扩张。PAA临床罕见,多为偶然发现[1]。1947年Deterling和Clagett尸检报告肺动脉瘤的发病率为0.057‰[2]。按发生的部位分为中央型和周围型,性别、年龄无关,80%位于主肺动脉[3]。常与先天性心脏病(动脉导管未闭、室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损)、原发性及继发性肺动脉高压、白塞病、梅毒、结核、结缔组织病、大动脉炎等合并存在,单纯特发性肺动脉瘤更为罕见[4-5]。多层螺旋CT肺动脉血管成像(MSCTPA)结合二维、三维图像重组技术能全面、直观地显示病变全貌,可明确诊断肺动脉瘤[6-7]。, 百拇医药(周婷婷 万毅新)
关键词:肺动脉瘤;肺动脉高压;外科治疗;体层摄影术
中图分类号:R543.2 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.03.073
文章编号:1006-1959(2018)03-0191-02
, 百拇医药
Abstract:Typical features of pulmonary aneurysm with pulmonary hypertension are increased pulmonary vascular resistance, increased pulmonary blood flow, dyspnea and heart failure as the main clinical symptoms.CTA combined with three-dimensional image reconstruction can comprehensively and directly show the tumor site.Surgical treatment is a major pulmonary aneurism with severe pulmonary hypertension treatment.This article mainly reports in February 2017 admitted to a case of huge pulmonary aneurysm with severe pulmonary hypertension diagnosis and treatment of patients, the patients with pulmonary aneurysm huge,severe pulmonary hypertension,with sudden chest tightness,shortness of breath emergency treatment.Admission to cardiac,diuretic,anti-infective and other basic treatment after surgery,close monitoring after treatment,recovery satisfaction.At the same time with the review of relevant literature,aimed at strengthening the pulmonary artery aneurysm with pulmonary hypertension,clinical,imaging,pathological features of awareness,improve pulmonary aneurysms with pulmonary hypertension early recognition and treatment.
, 百拇医药
Key words:Pulmonary aneurysm;Pulmonary hypertension;Surgical treatment;Tomography
1 臨床资料
患者男,29岁,以“突发胸闷、气短1天”主诉入院。患者入院前1 d进食后突发胸闷、气短,进而出现气促、呼吸困难,伴心悸、大汗,急诊就诊入院。查体:急性病容,口唇轻度发绀,颈静脉充盈;听诊双肺呼吸音粗,可闻及散在湿性啰音,心界扩大,胸骨左缘第2~3肋间可闻及收缩期吹风样杂音。辅助检查:(胸部+心脏)CTA:先天性心脏病,动脉导管未闭,肺动脉瘤样扩张,左右心室增大、心肌肥厚(见图1)。心脏彩超:动脉导管未闭(管型);大动脉水平左向右分流;肺动脉明显增宽,主动脉轻度增宽;右室壁增厚;肺动脉高压(重度);三尖瓣关闭不全(中-重度);主动脉瓣反流、二尖瓣反流(轻度)。胸片:心影明显增大,肺血增多。心电图:窦性心律(67 bpm),心电轴右偏,完全性右束支阻滞,ST-T改变。血常规:红细胞计数 6.46×1012/L,血红蛋白198 g/L。
, 百拇医药
患者入院予以强心、利尿、止咳、化痰、抗感染等基础治疗,术前对手术耐受及综合情况进行系统评估。在全麻低温体外循环下行“动脉导管未闭切断缝合术+肺动脉成形术+室间隔缺损修补术+三尖瓣成形术”。术中见:心脏增大,左心为著,AO:PA=1:4;动脉导管未闭,呈管型,内经10 mm;主肺动脉近心端瘤样扩张,内径10 cm;室间隔缺损(膜部),大小约8 mm×9 mm;手术过程顺利,术后送ICU恢复,第4 d转回普通病房,术后1周患者康复出院。术后1 周心脏彩超:动脉导管未闭切断缝合术+肺动脉成形术+室间隔缺损修补术+三尖瓣成形术后;室水平未见分流;大动脉水平未见分流;心功能正常低限;肺动脉压正常范围(28 mmHg,收缩压);三尖瓣反流(轻度)。1个月、3个月后复查,心脏彩超示心功能正常,其余指标较前好转。继续随访至6月以上,各项指标稳定,日常体力活动不受限,恢复满意。
2 讨论
肺动脉瘤(pulmonary artery aneurysm,PAA)是由各种原因引起的主肺动脉或分支肺动脉血管壁的全层病理性扩张。PAA临床罕见,多为偶然发现[1]。1947年Deterling和Clagett尸检报告肺动脉瘤的发病率为0.057‰[2]。按发生的部位分为中央型和周围型,性别、年龄无关,80%位于主肺动脉[3]。常与先天性心脏病(动脉导管未闭、室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损)、原发性及继发性肺动脉高压、白塞病、梅毒、结核、结缔组织病、大动脉炎等合并存在,单纯特发性肺动脉瘤更为罕见[4-5]。多层螺旋CT肺动脉血管成像(MSCTPA)结合二维、三维图像重组技术能全面、直观地显示病变全貌,可明确诊断肺动脉瘤[6-7]。, 百拇医药(周婷婷 万毅新)