焦虑在心血管内科的存在现况研究(3)
5 總结
研究表明,在高节奏的现今社会中,综合医院非心理科疾病合并心理障碍的比例越来越高,主要是焦虑、抑郁,但在心理障碍比例增高的同时,却显示出目前非精神科医师对焦虑抑郁的认识明显不够;同时现有的研究也表明精神心理因素可能是通过多通道影响心血管疾病的,且现有的临床试验也给予了足够的证据说明同时予以心理科的治疗的重要性,如进行心血管疾病治疗的同时予以抗焦虑药物或者心理咨询干预治疗,不仅可以改善患者的焦虑情绪和症状感受,甚至可以明显改善心脏的功能,故以后在临床上可以适当予以抗焦虑药物或者心理干预进行综合治疗,一方面缓解患者焦虑情绪,另一方面辅助改善心脏功能。但目前的研究缺乏对心理障碍的程度不同对躯体疾病痊愈过程的影响,同时也并未考虑到相关检查的问题。总之,目前各专科疾病的分类与诊断标准均沿用了以往的生物医学模式,而未从现代新的医学模式即生物-心理-社会医学模式中突出心理因素对众多临床症状的影响,仍然采用的是“头痛医头、脚痛医脚”的传统医学模式。今后应该在认识每个临床症状时加入“是否存在焦虑抑郁伴发的躯体症状的可能”的心身医学模式,才能最大限度地避免临床上的误诊和漏诊的发生。
, 百拇医药
参考文献:
[1]赵曼.心血管内科门诊患者焦虑、抑郁发生率及其影响因素[D].中南大学,2011.
[2]徐利敏,潘小平,何方红,等.综合医院五个非精神科门诊焦虑障碍现状分析[J].现代医院,2016,16(4):551-553.
[3]何燕玲,张岚,刘哲宁,等.综合医院就诊者中焦虑障碍的检出率[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2012,26(3):165-170.
[4]Grenier S,Potvin O,Hudon C,et al.Twelve-month prevalence and correlates of subthreshold and threshold anxiety in community-dwelling older adults with cardiovascular diseases[J].Journal of Affective Disorders,2012,136(3):724-732.
, 百拇医药
[5]Gafarov VV,Panov DO,Gromova EA,et al.Trait anxiety, awareness,health attitudes and 16-year hazard ratio of acute cardiovascular disease in open female population in Russia[J].International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences,2014,4(1):30-34.
[6]Kyrou I,Kollia N,Panagiotakos D,et al.Association of depression and anxiety status with 10-year cardiovascular disease in cidence among apparently healthy Greek adults:The ATTICA Study[J].European Journal of Preventive Cardiology,2016,24(2):145-152.
, http://www.100md.com
[7]Barger SD,Sydeman SJ.Does generalized anxiety disorder predict coronary heart disease risk factors independently of major depressive disorder[J].Journal of Affective Disorders,2005,88(1):87-91.
[8]Martens EJ,De JP,Na B,et al.Scared to death?Generalized anxiety disorder and cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary heart disease:The Heart and Soul Study[J].Archives of General Psychiatry,2010,67(7):750-758.
[9]Vogelzangs N,Seldenrijk A,Beekman AT,et al.Cardiovascular disease in persons with depressive and anxiety disorders[J].Journal of Affective Disorders,2010,125(1-3):241.
, 百拇医药
[10]Batelaan NM,Ten HM,van Balkom AJ,et al.Anxiety disorders and onset of cardiovascular disease:the differential impact of panic,phobias and worry[J].Journal of Anxiety Disorders,2014,28(2):252-258.
[11]Alosco ML,Gunstad J,Beard C,et al.The synergistic effects of anxiety and cerebral hypoperfusion on cognitive dysfunction in older adults with cardiovascular disease[J].Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry&Neurology,2015,28(1):57-66., 百拇医药(赵伟潭 朱祥路)
研究表明,在高节奏的现今社会中,综合医院非心理科疾病合并心理障碍的比例越来越高,主要是焦虑、抑郁,但在心理障碍比例增高的同时,却显示出目前非精神科医师对焦虑抑郁的认识明显不够;同时现有的研究也表明精神心理因素可能是通过多通道影响心血管疾病的,且现有的临床试验也给予了足够的证据说明同时予以心理科的治疗的重要性,如进行心血管疾病治疗的同时予以抗焦虑药物或者心理咨询干预治疗,不仅可以改善患者的焦虑情绪和症状感受,甚至可以明显改善心脏的功能,故以后在临床上可以适当予以抗焦虑药物或者心理干预进行综合治疗,一方面缓解患者焦虑情绪,另一方面辅助改善心脏功能。但目前的研究缺乏对心理障碍的程度不同对躯体疾病痊愈过程的影响,同时也并未考虑到相关检查的问题。总之,目前各专科疾病的分类与诊断标准均沿用了以往的生物医学模式,而未从现代新的医学模式即生物-心理-社会医学模式中突出心理因素对众多临床症状的影响,仍然采用的是“头痛医头、脚痛医脚”的传统医学模式。今后应该在认识每个临床症状时加入“是否存在焦虑抑郁伴发的躯体症状的可能”的心身医学模式,才能最大限度地避免临床上的误诊和漏诊的发生。
, 百拇医药
参考文献:
[1]赵曼.心血管内科门诊患者焦虑、抑郁发生率及其影响因素[D].中南大学,2011.
[2]徐利敏,潘小平,何方红,等.综合医院五个非精神科门诊焦虑障碍现状分析[J].现代医院,2016,16(4):551-553.
[3]何燕玲,张岚,刘哲宁,等.综合医院就诊者中焦虑障碍的检出率[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2012,26(3):165-170.
[4]Grenier S,Potvin O,Hudon C,et al.Twelve-month prevalence and correlates of subthreshold and threshold anxiety in community-dwelling older adults with cardiovascular diseases[J].Journal of Affective Disorders,2012,136(3):724-732.
, 百拇医药
[5]Gafarov VV,Panov DO,Gromova EA,et al.Trait anxiety, awareness,health attitudes and 16-year hazard ratio of acute cardiovascular disease in open female population in Russia[J].International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences,2014,4(1):30-34.
[6]Kyrou I,Kollia N,Panagiotakos D,et al.Association of depression and anxiety status with 10-year cardiovascular disease in cidence among apparently healthy Greek adults:The ATTICA Study[J].European Journal of Preventive Cardiology,2016,24(2):145-152.
, http://www.100md.com
[7]Barger SD,Sydeman SJ.Does generalized anxiety disorder predict coronary heart disease risk factors independently of major depressive disorder[J].Journal of Affective Disorders,2005,88(1):87-91.
[8]Martens EJ,De JP,Na B,et al.Scared to death?Generalized anxiety disorder and cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary heart disease:The Heart and Soul Study[J].Archives of General Psychiatry,2010,67(7):750-758.
[9]Vogelzangs N,Seldenrijk A,Beekman AT,et al.Cardiovascular disease in persons with depressive and anxiety disorders[J].Journal of Affective Disorders,2010,125(1-3):241.
, 百拇医药
[10]Batelaan NM,Ten HM,van Balkom AJ,et al.Anxiety disorders and onset of cardiovascular disease:the differential impact of panic,phobias and worry[J].Journal of Anxiety Disorders,2014,28(2):252-258.
[11]Alosco ML,Gunstad J,Beard C,et al.The synergistic effects of anxiety and cerebral hypoperfusion on cognitive dysfunction in older adults with cardiovascular disease[J].Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry&Neurology,2015,28(1):57-66., 百拇医药(赵伟潭 朱祥路)