PM2.5对儿童呼吸系统相关疾病的研究(1)
摘要：近年来，随着我国工业快速发展，能源的高消耗，空气污染问题已成为令人担忧的环境问题之一。雾霾现象日益严重，作为雾霾中最重要的致病物质-PM2.5的污染已成为我国一个严重的环境问题。其通过炎症反应、氧化应激、诱导自噬和细胞凋亡等方式引起呼吸系统疾病。儿童正处于生长发育期，属于PM2.5高度敏感的人群之一。PM2.5可随呼吸进入患儿气管甚至肺部，导致下呼吸道感染、哮喘、鼻炎、结核等呼吸系统发病率升高。但目前尚无很好的解决办法完全消除PM2.5造成的危害，未来还需要更多的研究进一步验证PM2.5的致病机制及其与儿童呼吸系统疾病的关系，并制订有效的预防措施和治疗方案。本文就PM2.5的来源及特征、致病机制及对儿童呼吸系统相关疾病的影响进行综述，旨在为临床研究提供参考。
关键词：PM2.5;来源及特征;致病机制;儿童;呼吸系统疾病
中图分类号：R122.2;R56 文献标识码：A DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.11.009
, http://www.100md.com
文章编号：1006-1959(2019)11-0029-07
Abstract：In recent years， with the rapid development of China's industry and the high consumption of energy， air pollution has become one of the worrying environmental problems. The haze phenomenon has become increasingly serious， and the pollution of PM2.5， the most important pathogenic substance in smog， has become a serious environmental problem in China. PM2.5 causes respiratory diseases through inflammatory reactions， oxidative stress， induced autophagy， and apoptosis. The child is in the growth stage and is one of the highly sensitive people in PM2.5. PM2.5 can enter the child's trachea and even the lungs with breathing， leading to an increase in the incidence of respiratory diseases such as lower respiratory tract infections， asthma， rhinitis， and tuberculosis. However， there is no good solution to completely eliminate the harm caused by PM2.5. In the future， more research is needed to further verify the pathogenic mechanism of PM2.5 and its relationship with respiratory diseases in children， and to develop effective preventive measures. And treatment options. This article reviews the sources and characteristics of PM2.5， the pathogenesis and effects on children's respiratory related diseases， and aims to provide reference for clinical research.
, 百拇医药
Key words：PM2.5;Source and characteristics;Pathogenic mechanism;Children;Respiratory diseases
隨着我国经济的快速发展，大气污染问题日益严重。空气污染是整个大气层中污染物相互传播的复杂过程。目前已经发现空气污染会导致人类各种疾病及其他生命体中的紊乱，进而破坏自然环境[1，2]。其中空气污染中的颗粒物(PM)污染被已经被证明与严重的公共卫生问题具有高度的相关性[3，4]。PM根据其空气动力学直径进行分类，这种分类方式可作为评估其穿透呼吸道能力的金标准[5]。PM主要归类为粗颗粒物(PM10)，即中位数为空气动力学直径≤10 μm的颗粒物;细颗粒物(PM2.5)，即中位数为空气动力学直径≤2.5 μm的颗粒物[6]。PM进入呼吸道的程度主要取决于其物理尺寸及人体的呼吸模式、速率和其他个体因素[7]。直径较小的PM(如PM2.5)可以以更高的速率穿透呼吸道并进入更深的位置，沉积在支气管和肺泡，影响肺功能，最终引起其他疾病[8]。2006年，世界卫生组织将PM2.5作为大气污染颗粒物的重要指标。大量文献报道[9-14]，PM2.5与各种心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病及免疫系统疾病关系密切。儿童各组织发育均不够完善，免疫功能相对低下，更易受到PM2.5的危害。因此本文就PM2.5的来源及特征、致病机制及对儿童呼吸系统相关疾病的影响进行综述，旨在为临床研究提供参考。, http://www.100md.com(李昂 高一平 孙燕燕)
关键词：PM2.5;来源及特征;致病机制;儿童;呼吸系统疾病
中图分类号：R122.2;R56 文献标识码：A DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.11.009
, http://www.100md.com
文章编号：1006-1959(2019)11-0029-07
Abstract：In recent years， with the rapid development of China's industry and the high consumption of energy， air pollution has become one of the worrying environmental problems. The haze phenomenon has become increasingly serious， and the pollution of PM2.5， the most important pathogenic substance in smog， has become a serious environmental problem in China. PM2.5 causes respiratory diseases through inflammatory reactions， oxidative stress， induced autophagy， and apoptosis. The child is in the growth stage and is one of the highly sensitive people in PM2.5. PM2.5 can enter the child's trachea and even the lungs with breathing， leading to an increase in the incidence of respiratory diseases such as lower respiratory tract infections， asthma， rhinitis， and tuberculosis. However， there is no good solution to completely eliminate the harm caused by PM2.5. In the future， more research is needed to further verify the pathogenic mechanism of PM2.5 and its relationship with respiratory diseases in children， and to develop effective preventive measures. And treatment options. This article reviews the sources and characteristics of PM2.5， the pathogenesis and effects on children's respiratory related diseases， and aims to provide reference for clinical research.
, 百拇医药
Key words：PM2.5;Source and characteristics;Pathogenic mechanism;Children;Respiratory diseases
隨着我国经济的快速发展，大气污染问题日益严重。空气污染是整个大气层中污染物相互传播的复杂过程。目前已经发现空气污染会导致人类各种疾病及其他生命体中的紊乱，进而破坏自然环境[1，2]。其中空气污染中的颗粒物(PM)污染被已经被证明与严重的公共卫生问题具有高度的相关性[3，4]。PM根据其空气动力学直径进行分类，这种分类方式可作为评估其穿透呼吸道能力的金标准[5]。PM主要归类为粗颗粒物(PM10)，即中位数为空气动力学直径≤10 μm的颗粒物;细颗粒物(PM2.5)，即中位数为空气动力学直径≤2.5 μm的颗粒物[6]。PM进入呼吸道的程度主要取决于其物理尺寸及人体的呼吸模式、速率和其他个体因素[7]。直径较小的PM(如PM2.5)可以以更高的速率穿透呼吸道并进入更深的位置，沉积在支气管和肺泡，影响肺功能，最终引起其他疾病[8]。2006年，世界卫生组织将PM2.5作为大气污染颗粒物的重要指标。大量文献报道[9-14]，PM2.5与各种心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病及免疫系统疾病关系密切。儿童各组织发育均不够完善，免疫功能相对低下，更易受到PM2.5的危害。因此本文就PM2.5的来源及特征、致病机制及对儿童呼吸系统相关疾病的影响进行综述，旨在为临床研究提供参考。, http://www.100md.com(李昂 高一平 孙燕燕)