摘要：目的 研究多重荧光聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术对小儿咽拭子呼吸道病毒、病原菌检测的应用价值。方法 筛选2018年1月～12月到乌鲁木齐市社区服务门诊就诊的社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患儿524例，采用多重PCR技术检测患儿咽拭子病原菌，分析CAP病原菌的分布情况及其与年龄、季节等的关系。结果 CAP病原检测结果大部分属于病毒性，以乙型流感病毒、肺炎衣原体、肺炎支原体等为主，细菌类以肺炎克雷伯菌等为主;与患儿年龄、季节有关，3岁以下患儿仍是CAP的主要发病年龄段，尤其是婴幼儿最多，发病多集中在秋季和冬季;2种以上病原混合感染形式严峻。结论 多重PCR技术对小儿咽拭子病原菌检测的应用效果良好，快捷方便。

    关键词：多重PCR技术;小儿咽拭子;呼吸道病毒;病原菌

    中图分类号：R373.1 文献标识码：A DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.15.039

    文章编号：1006-1959(2019)15-0119-04

    Abstract：Objective To study the application value of multiplex fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of respiratory viruses and pathogens in children with throat swabs.Methods A total of 524 children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) who were treated in the community service clinic in Urumqi from January to December 2018 were enrolled. The phage swab pathogens were detected by multiplex PCR and the distribution of CAP pathogens was analyzed. Relationship between age ......