朱启勇教授治疗雾霾咳嗽经验采撷(1)
【摘 要】 雾霾咳嗽是雾霾引起的呼吸系统疾病,属于中医“咳嗽病”范畴。中医认为,咳嗽的病因有外感、内伤之分。外感咳嗽属邪实,内伤咳嗽属邪实正虚。因此中医治疗咳嗽病多以扶正祛邪为主。朱启勇教授认为雾霾咳嗽与传统咳嗽病的病因有所不同,临床辨证应审证求因,不可拘于古法;感受雾霾邪气为起病之因,阴虚肺燥为发病之本,风邪为致病之标。治疗应注重未病先防、既病防变;以养阴祛风为大法,并注重调治脾肾。
【关键词】 雾霾咳嗽;中医药;临床经验
【中图分类号】R249.2/.7 【文献标志码】 A 【文章编号】1007-8517(2020)8-0072-04
Professor Zhu Qiyong’s Clinical Experience in the Treatment of Haze Cough
LIU Qian1 SU Kelei2 ZHU Mengyue1 LIU Xingci1 SUN Hangcheng2 ZHU Qiyong2△ ZHANG Yeqing2*
1.Third Clinical Medical College,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,China;2.Affiliated hospital of integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210028,China
Abstract:Haze Cough is a respiratory disease caused by haze and belongs to the category of “Cough” in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).According to TCM,the etiology of cough is exogenous and endogenous,therefore,TCM treats Cough mainly by strengthening and eliminating pathogenic factors.However,Professor Zhu suggests that the etiology of Haze Cough is different from traditional Cough,so we should differentiate syndrome to identify cause.He thinks that haze evil spirit is the etiology of Haze Cough,and deficiency of Yin is the origin of disease ,and wind is the key pathogenesis.Treatment should pay attention to prevent before the disease,both disease and change.In clinical treatment,nourishing Yin and dispelling wind is essential.Meanwhile,supplement of spleen and kidney is necessary.
Key words:Haze Cough;Traditional Chinese medcine;Experience
近幾年,全国大范围内出现雾霾天气,雾霾覆盖了我国30多个省市。基于亚洲人群的流行病学调查发现,由于多年来的季节性雾霾暴露,呼吸系统疾病死亡率不断上升,雾霾天气引起呼吸道发病率增加[1]。雾霾是空气中大量带有水汽的硝酸盐、硫酸盐、重金属、微生物等颗粒物(PM2.5)形成的气溶胶,其通过呼吸运动进入呼吸道,并在肺部沉积,导致患者出现咳嗽、咯痰、喘憋等呼吸系统症状。大量研究表明,PM2.5能引起氧化应激反应,产生炎性物质,影响机体免疫应答,损伤呼吸系统防御功能,导致肺组织和气道病变[2]。2018年、2019年入冬以来,南京市多次出现雾霾天气,呼吸科门诊量随之较以往有所增加,患者多以咳嗽为主诉,病程从3周内到8周以上不等,伴有口干咽痒等症状,辅助检查中血常规、胸部X线,甚至胸部CT均未见明显异常,多考虑是雾霾咳嗽。
朱启勇教授是江苏省名老中医,享受国务院特殊津贴,系江苏省中西医结合医院呼吸科主任中医师,兼南京中医药大学教授,从事中医临床、教学、科研40余年,对中医内科疾病有深入研究,尤其对肺系疾病的诊治积累了丰富的经验。兹将朱启勇教授治疗雾霾咳嗽的临床经验介绍如下。
1 病因病机
1.1 感受雾霾邪气为起病之因 雾霾咳嗽属于中医“咳嗽病”范畴。《内经》认为咳嗽是由于“皮毛先受邪气”所致,指出“五脏六腑皆令人咳,非独肺也”。强调外邪犯肺或脏腑功能失调,病及于肺,均可以导致咳嗽。隋代巢元方以内经为基础,将咳嗽分为风咳、寒咳、支咳、肝咳、心咳、脾咳、肺咳、肾咳、胆咳、厥阴咳10种。明代张介宾在《景岳全书·咳嗽篇》中提出“咳嗽之要,止为二证。何为二证?一曰外感,一曰内伤而尽之矣”,将咳嗽归纳为外感、内伤两大类。而朱启勇教授认为,雾霾咳嗽除与素体亏虚的体质有关,其致病因素乃感受雾霾邪气所致。雾霾邪气既不属于外感六淫,也不属于疫毒疠气,它是社会环境造成的难以趋避的邪气。与自然环境中形成的六淫邪气有所不同,雾霾邪气不仅受四季更迭、天气变化影响,更具有明显的地域性,其好发于工业发达及人口稠密的地区。雾霾邪气虽裹挟毒浊,但并没有传染性,雾霾致病的过程一般较缓慢,因此与急性发病并引起一定范围内传染的疫毒疠气有所区分。, 百拇医药(刘茜 苏克雷 朱梦月 刘兴慈 孙航成 朱启勇 张业清)
【关键词】 雾霾咳嗽;中医药;临床经验
【中图分类号】R249.2/.7 【文献标志码】 A 【文章编号】1007-8517(2020)8-0072-04
Professor Zhu Qiyong’s Clinical Experience in the Treatment of Haze Cough
LIU Qian1 SU Kelei2 ZHU Mengyue1 LIU Xingci1 SUN Hangcheng2 ZHU Qiyong2△ ZHANG Yeqing2*
1.Third Clinical Medical College,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,China;2.Affiliated hospital of integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210028,China
Abstract:Haze Cough is a respiratory disease caused by haze and belongs to the category of “Cough” in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).According to TCM,the etiology of cough is exogenous and endogenous,therefore,TCM treats Cough mainly by strengthening and eliminating pathogenic factors.However,Professor Zhu suggests that the etiology of Haze Cough is different from traditional Cough,so we should differentiate syndrome to identify cause.He thinks that haze evil spirit is the etiology of Haze Cough,and deficiency of Yin is the origin of disease ,and wind is the key pathogenesis.Treatment should pay attention to prevent before the disease,both disease and change.In clinical treatment,nourishing Yin and dispelling wind is essential.Meanwhile,supplement of spleen and kidney is necessary.
Key words:Haze Cough;Traditional Chinese medcine;Experience
近幾年,全国大范围内出现雾霾天气,雾霾覆盖了我国30多个省市。基于亚洲人群的流行病学调查发现,由于多年来的季节性雾霾暴露,呼吸系统疾病死亡率不断上升,雾霾天气引起呼吸道发病率增加[1]。雾霾是空气中大量带有水汽的硝酸盐、硫酸盐、重金属、微生物等颗粒物(PM2.5)形成的气溶胶,其通过呼吸运动进入呼吸道,并在肺部沉积,导致患者出现咳嗽、咯痰、喘憋等呼吸系统症状。大量研究表明,PM2.5能引起氧化应激反应,产生炎性物质,影响机体免疫应答,损伤呼吸系统防御功能,导致肺组织和气道病变[2]。2018年、2019年入冬以来,南京市多次出现雾霾天气,呼吸科门诊量随之较以往有所增加,患者多以咳嗽为主诉,病程从3周内到8周以上不等,伴有口干咽痒等症状,辅助检查中血常规、胸部X线,甚至胸部CT均未见明显异常,多考虑是雾霾咳嗽。
朱启勇教授是江苏省名老中医,享受国务院特殊津贴,系江苏省中西医结合医院呼吸科主任中医师,兼南京中医药大学教授,从事中医临床、教学、科研40余年,对中医内科疾病有深入研究,尤其对肺系疾病的诊治积累了丰富的经验。兹将朱启勇教授治疗雾霾咳嗽的临床经验介绍如下。
1 病因病机
1.1 感受雾霾邪气为起病之因 雾霾咳嗽属于中医“咳嗽病”范畴。《内经》认为咳嗽是由于“皮毛先受邪气”所致,指出“五脏六腑皆令人咳,非独肺也”。强调外邪犯肺或脏腑功能失调,病及于肺,均可以导致咳嗽。隋代巢元方以内经为基础,将咳嗽分为风咳、寒咳、支咳、肝咳、心咳、脾咳、肺咳、肾咳、胆咳、厥阴咳10种。明代张介宾在《景岳全书·咳嗽篇》中提出“咳嗽之要,止为二证。何为二证?一曰外感,一曰内伤而尽之矣”,将咳嗽归纳为外感、内伤两大类。而朱启勇教授认为,雾霾咳嗽除与素体亏虚的体质有关,其致病因素乃感受雾霾邪气所致。雾霾邪气既不属于外感六淫,也不属于疫毒疠气,它是社会环境造成的难以趋避的邪气。与自然环境中形成的六淫邪气有所不同,雾霾邪气不仅受四季更迭、天气变化影响,更具有明显的地域性,其好发于工业发达及人口稠密的地区。雾霾邪气虽裹挟毒浊,但并没有传染性,雾霾致病的过程一般较缓慢,因此与急性发病并引起一定范围内传染的疫毒疠气有所区分。, 百拇医药(刘茜 苏克雷 朱梦月 刘兴慈 孙航成 朱启勇 张业清)