颅面部软硬组织三维模型的研究(1)
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[摘要]目的：利用头颅定位X线片构建颅面部软硬组织的三维模型。方法：在受试者的面部贴金属标志点，同期分次拍摄侧位，45°位和正位头颅定位X线片，基于相关视觉法原理，获得各标志点的三维数据，实现对颅面部软硬组织的三维重建。结果：用两张成45°夹角的头颅定位X线片，对颅面部的软组织和骨组织实现了逼真的三维重建。系统具有4个特点：①颅面部软组织和骨组织可同时重建；②颅颌面立体结构三维重建及二维图像的同期映射；③具有图像储存功能；④具有多种显示功能。结论：本研究基于二维X片建立一种简单安全，利于广泛使用的颅面部三维重构系统，为颅面部的牙颌畸形的诊断和分析提供新的途径。
[关键词]头颅定位X线片；三维重建；颅面部
[中图分类号]R783.5 [文献标识码]A[文章编号]1008-6455(2011)01-0112-03
Study on the three dimensional model of craniofacial soft and hard tissues
HOU Yu-xia1,ZHOU Hong1,PAN Jun-jun2,ZHANG Yan-ning2
(1.Orthodontic Department of Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710004,Shaanxi,China;2.Computer Department of Northwestern Polytechnical University)
Abstract: Objective To construct the three-dimension(3-D)model of craniofacial soft and hard tissues by using the cephalograms. MethodsMetal symbol points were pasted on the face of volunteers. Three cephalograms were taken from lateral at the same time, and taken from 45 degree and frontal directions. The 3-D coordinates of symbol points in Lateral and 45 degree cephalograms were acquired by the method of multi-view, then the 3-D model of craniofacial soft and hard tissues was reconstructed.Results Based on the two cephalograms, the 3-D model of craniofacial soft and hard tissues were reconstructed. The system had four advantages:①Craniofacial soft and hard tissues reconstructed at the same time; ②The three-dimensional model and the two- dimensional cephalograms imaged together ;③ Imaging result stored in person computer;④The three-dimensional model displayed in many manners.Conclusion The 3-D reconstruction system was simple, safe and easily to be used. It was a new method for the diagnosis and analysis of maxillofacial malformation.
Key words: cephalogram; 3-D reconstruction; craniofacial
颅面部畸形表现为颅面部骨骼和上下牙列在三维空间中的位置和大小异常以及表面软组织的形态改变，寻求准确、标准、系统的三维测量方法来评价颅面部形态是学者们长期追求的目标。从1931年Broabent[1]首创用X线头颅定位片进行颅面部测量到现在，它在颅面部生长发育研究；牙颌畸形的诊断和治疗；正颌整形手术的计划、模拟和疗效评价等方面发挥了重要的作用。目前，仍然是临床上主要的诊断依据。本研究拟用头颅定位X线片重建颅面部软组织和硬组织三维模型，为临床提供一种简单，易于广泛应用的颅面部三维重建方法。
1材料和方法
1.1工作原理：使用两个(或多个)摄像机同时在不同角度拍摄同一场景，而后利用视觉差计算物体的深度。当这两个角度之差小于90°时，称为“相关视觉法”。与该方法等价的另一种思路使用一个摄像机在不同角度依次获得同一场景的两幅或多幅图像，然后计算深度[2]。本研究在严格头颅定位的条件下，同期分次拍摄侧位，45°位和正位头颅定位片。通过成45°角的两张X线片上相互匹配的标志点对获得颅面部的三维信息，对颅面部三维形态的进行重建。
1.2硬件和软件系统：头颅定位摄片机：SIEMENS ORTHOCEPH 10S；软件系统：软件功能主要由Visual C++实现 ......
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