应用扩张额部斜行皮瓣修复鼻部缺损(1)
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[摘要]目的:探讨扩张一侧滑车上动脉的额部斜行皮瓣修复鼻部缺损的效果。方法:对13例伴有鼻尖鼻翼大部分缺损的病例,在额部一侧滑车动脉走行区域下斜向植入80~120ml不同容积扩张器,经过2~3.5个月的扩张,获得多余的皮肤软组织。设计滑车上动脉额部斜行薄皮瓣转移修复鼻部缺损,对鼻支架破坏的病例同期植入肋软骨支架或鼻假体,1个月后断蒂并对鼻外形进行修整。结果:全部病例扩张顺利,转移的皮瓣成活。获得足够的鼻长度、鼻尖突度,修复效果满意,额部供区无明显瘢痕遗留。结论:该方法能获得比较理想的修复效果,应作为修复伴有鼻尖鼻翼大部分缺损修复的首选方法。
[关键词]滑车上动脉;额部皮瓣;鼻缺损;鼻再造;修复
[中图分类号]R622 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2011)07-1041-03
Repair of nasal defects by expanded forehead oblique flap
WANG Ji-hua,ZHU Li-kun,YANG Yun,XIAO Hong,HE Yong-jing,LI Ying,ZHANG Jing-bo
(Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College,Kunming 650101,Yunnan,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo discuss the effect of repairing nasal defects by expanded forehead oblique flap with one sidesupratrochlear artery.MethodsFor 13 patients with nasal tip and nasal ala defects. 80~120 ml expanderwas implanted under one side supratrochlear artery of the forehead skin tissue.After expansion of 2~3.5 months,the flap of the supratrochlear artery was transferredand the nasal defect was repaired. rib cartilage or nasal prosthesis was implanted for the patient whose nose frame was destroyed. One month later, the pedicle of flap was cut and nasal shape was trimmed.ResultsAll patients were successfully,adequate nasal length and nasal tip were obtained.We have satisfactory results. no obvious scars in the frontal supply area.ConculsionThis method could obtained satisfactory results,and should be first approach for repairing larg defects included nasal tip and nasal ala.
Key words: supratrochlear artery;forehead flap;nasal defects;nasal reconstruction;repair
鼻尖尤其是伴有鼻小柱、鼻翼的鼻大部分缺损后修复是整形外科临床上的难题,多年来整形外科医生一直在寻找一种较为理想的手术方法。2005年~2010年间,我科对鼻尖,或伴有鼻小柱、鼻翼的鼻大部分缺损的13例患者,应用扩张一侧滑车上动脉的额部斜行皮瓣修复,取得比较理想的手术效果,报道如下。
1资料和方法
1.1 临床资料:本组病例13例,男9例,女4例,年龄13~52岁。鼻尖缺损3例,鼻尖及鼻小柱、鼻翼大部分缺损9例,一侧鼻翼、鼻尖伴上唇缺损1例。缺损原因:锐器切割伤11 例,人咬伤1例,黑熊咬伤1例。全部额部供区皮肤良好。
1.2 手术方法
1.2.1 扩张器植入:在发际处做与扩张器远端平行的切口3~4cm,直达帽状腱膜深面,钝性剥离形成稍大于扩张器的腔隙,近端在滑车上动脉蒂部下方,在额部一侧滑车上动脉走行区斜行植入80~120ml长柱形或肾形扩张器,放置引流管引流,分层缝合伤口。第10天开始向扩张器内注水,第1个月内每周注水1次,第2个月开始每周注水2次,超量扩张20%~50%后停止扩张,养1~2周后行二期手术。
1.2.2 额部皮瓣转移修复鼻缺损:对于鼻腔衬里缺失的病例,将鼻背皮肤向鼻腔翻转缝合形成鼻腔衬里。在扩张好的额部供区设计以一侧滑车上动脉为蒂的斜行皮瓣,皮瓣宽度超过缺损宽度的10%;同时伴有鼻尖、鼻小柱、鼻翼的大部分缺损时,皮瓣设计成三叶瓣,宽度不少于7cm,皮瓣蒂部缝合成管状。
1.2.3 鼻支架植入:根据病人鼻部情况和手术前谈话,选择Medpor或硅胶鼻假体假体植入,或切取第8或第9肋软骨雕刻组合成L形鼻支架,皮瓣远端与创面对齐缝合覆盖鼻支架。
1.2.4 皮瓣断蒂:额部皮瓣转移后1~2个月断蒂,断蒂时将蒂部皮管展开修剪插入额部供区缝合。保留1 cm左右的皮管,修剪去表皮,插入鼻根部,使修复的鼻头与鼻根部衔接自然 ......
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