巨大神经纤维瘤切除术患者的围手术期护理(1)
[摘要]目的:总结3例巨大神经纤维瘤切除术患者的围手术期护理。方法:参加全院病例讨论,根据患者病情,确定手术方案,合理分配人员职责;巡回护士术前针对患者不同心理状况进行心理支持,熟知各项化验结果,术中加强体位、体温管理,术后伤口引流护理;器械护士熟练掌握手术步骤,准确传递、精准配合。结果:本组3例手术顺利完成,术后患者均得到外形及功能的改善。结论:通过对此3例巨大神经纤维瘤患者的围手术期护理,巩固了护理人员的基础知识,提高了护理操作技能,为此类手术护理工作提供了实践经验。
[关键词]巨大神经纤维瘤;手术切除;人员配置;护理
[中图分类号]R473.6 [文献标志码]B [文章编号]1008-6455(2018)10-0151-04
Abstract: Objective To summarize the perioperative nursing experience of 3 patients with giant neurofibroma resection. Methods Participate in the discussion of cases in the hospital, and determine the operation plan according to the patient's condition, and reasonably allocate personnel. The visiting nurses perform psychological support for the patients' different psychological conditions before surgery. They were supposed to be familiar with the results of various tests, strengthen body position and body temperature manage during surgery, and nurse the wound drainage after surgery. The instrument nurses master the operation step, accurate transmission, and precise coordination. Results The operation was successfully completed in 3 cases, and the shape and function of the patients were improved. Conclusion Through the perioperative nursing of 3 patients with giant neurofibroma, the basic knowledge of nursing personnel was consolidated, the nursing operation skills were improved, and practical experience was provided for the nursing work of this type of operation
, http://www.100md.com
Key words: giant neurofibroma; surgical excision; staffing; nursing
神经纤维瘤病分为3型[1],其中I型神经纤维瘤(NF1)占总发病率的90%[2],是一种常染色体显性遗传病,通常伴有皮肤色素沉着,表现为皮肤牛奶咖啡斑和雀斑样痣,还可引起骨骼、心肺等脏器损害和功能障碍,全身呈多发或单发神经瘤。躯干巨大神经瘤病因其严重影响患者外观及功能,常需手术治疗[3]。由于瘤体巨大,内含有大量血窦,血窦内储存大量血液,加之肿瘤血管壁内缺少平滑肌收缩性差,术中止血困难,因此,对瘤体进行一期栓塞,分期手术进行瘤体切除,降低手术风险,该术式特点对护理工作也提出了更高的要求。笔者科室2014年5月-2017年10月,对3例巨大神经纤维瘤采取一期栓塞瘤体,分期瘤体全部切除手术的方式治疗,取得了良好效果,现将护理体会报道如下。
1 资料和方法
, http://www.100md.com 1.1 一般资料:本组3例患者,男1例,女2例;年龄30~58岁;病变部位分别为颈背部、腰臀部和双下肢,最大45cm×38cm×25cm,最小25cm×28cm×14cm;切除肿瘤后用瘤体完整皮回植2例,游离自体皮移植1例。
1.2 手术方法:相比常规一期瘤体全部切除,一期栓塞治疗二期瘤體全部切除需要多学科协助完成。根据核磁共振和CTA三维重建检查结果,行血管介入治疗,将瘤体主要供血动脉进行介入下栓塞,手术将瘤体切除,为减少出血,边分离切除边缝扎止血,最终将瘤体全部完整切除,皮肤反取皮回植或游离自体皮移植,封闭式负压引流(Vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)固定。
2 护理
2.1 术前护理
2.1.1 入院前心理评估:患者由于身体巨大肿瘤,外在形象的改变,且肿瘤本身对患者是一种严重的心理冲击,加之陌生环境、麻醉和手术因素也可诱发负性应激反应,表现为焦虑、紧张、抑郁、恐惧、烦躁等,继而引起躯体出现不同程度的心理-生理改变[4]。患者入院后,应用综合医院焦虑抑郁量表(Hospital anxiety and depression scale,HAD)对患者的心理状况进行全面评估,患者得分均在15分以上(0~7分正常;8~10分表示轻度抑郁/焦虑;11~14分表示中度抑郁/焦虑;15~21分表示严重抑郁/焦虑),为严重焦虑抑郁状态。
2.1.2 心理支持、提升患者自信:针对此类患者,手术室制作个性化健康教育手册,对患者及家属做好人文关怀和个性化护理,具体到神经纤维瘤手术的相关专业知识、手术体位、手术预计时间和术后护理措施,从内心消除患者紧张情绪,减轻患者顾虑,为患者及家属提供全程的心理支持。, http://www.100md.com(杨姣 古兰)
[关键词]巨大神经纤维瘤;手术切除;人员配置;护理
[中图分类号]R473.6 [文献标志码]B [文章编号]1008-6455(2018)10-0151-04
Abstract: Objective To summarize the perioperative nursing experience of 3 patients with giant neurofibroma resection. Methods Participate in the discussion of cases in the hospital, and determine the operation plan according to the patient's condition, and reasonably allocate personnel. The visiting nurses perform psychological support for the patients' different psychological conditions before surgery. They were supposed to be familiar with the results of various tests, strengthen body position and body temperature manage during surgery, and nurse the wound drainage after surgery. The instrument nurses master the operation step, accurate transmission, and precise coordination. Results The operation was successfully completed in 3 cases, and the shape and function of the patients were improved. Conclusion Through the perioperative nursing of 3 patients with giant neurofibroma, the basic knowledge of nursing personnel was consolidated, the nursing operation skills were improved, and practical experience was provided for the nursing work of this type of operation
, http://www.100md.com
Key words: giant neurofibroma; surgical excision; staffing; nursing
神经纤维瘤病分为3型[1],其中I型神经纤维瘤(NF1)占总发病率的90%[2],是一种常染色体显性遗传病,通常伴有皮肤色素沉着,表现为皮肤牛奶咖啡斑和雀斑样痣,还可引起骨骼、心肺等脏器损害和功能障碍,全身呈多发或单发神经瘤。躯干巨大神经瘤病因其严重影响患者外观及功能,常需手术治疗[3]。由于瘤体巨大,内含有大量血窦,血窦内储存大量血液,加之肿瘤血管壁内缺少平滑肌收缩性差,术中止血困难,因此,对瘤体进行一期栓塞,分期手术进行瘤体切除,降低手术风险,该术式特点对护理工作也提出了更高的要求。笔者科室2014年5月-2017年10月,对3例巨大神经纤维瘤采取一期栓塞瘤体,分期瘤体全部切除手术的方式治疗,取得了良好效果,现将护理体会报道如下。
1 资料和方法
, http://www.100md.com 1.1 一般资料:本组3例患者,男1例,女2例;年龄30~58岁;病变部位分别为颈背部、腰臀部和双下肢,最大45cm×38cm×25cm,最小25cm×28cm×14cm;切除肿瘤后用瘤体完整皮回植2例,游离自体皮移植1例。
1.2 手术方法:相比常规一期瘤体全部切除,一期栓塞治疗二期瘤體全部切除需要多学科协助完成。根据核磁共振和CTA三维重建检查结果,行血管介入治疗,将瘤体主要供血动脉进行介入下栓塞,手术将瘤体切除,为减少出血,边分离切除边缝扎止血,最终将瘤体全部完整切除,皮肤反取皮回植或游离自体皮移植,封闭式负压引流(Vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)固定。
2 护理
2.1 术前护理
2.1.1 入院前心理评估:患者由于身体巨大肿瘤,外在形象的改变,且肿瘤本身对患者是一种严重的心理冲击,加之陌生环境、麻醉和手术因素也可诱发负性应激反应,表现为焦虑、紧张、抑郁、恐惧、烦躁等,继而引起躯体出现不同程度的心理-生理改变[4]。患者入院后,应用综合医院焦虑抑郁量表(Hospital anxiety and depression scale,HAD)对患者的心理状况进行全面评估,患者得分均在15分以上(0~7分正常;8~10分表示轻度抑郁/焦虑;11~14分表示中度抑郁/焦虑;15~21分表示严重抑郁/焦虑),为严重焦虑抑郁状态。
2.1.2 心理支持、提升患者自信:针对此类患者,手术室制作个性化健康教育手册,对患者及家属做好人文关怀和个性化护理,具体到神经纤维瘤手术的相关专业知识、手术体位、手术预计时间和术后护理措施,从内心消除患者紧张情绪,减轻患者顾虑,为患者及家属提供全程的心理支持。, http://www.100md.com(杨姣 古兰)
参见:首页 > 医疗版 > 疾病专题 > 骨科 > 软组织肿瘤 > 神经纤维瘤