凹面型的治疗现状和亟待解决的问题(1)
[摘要]凹面型指从侧面观察,相对于额部而言,鼻底发育不足和(或)颏部发育相对过度。多是由于上颌骨发育不足和(或)下颌骨发育过度导致,骨性和(或)牙性Ⅲ类错牙合常与之相伴。凹面型多数治疗难度大,疗程长,治疗时机难把握,且疗效不确定。本文对凹面型与Ⅲ类错牙合的关系、生长发育期患者进行生长改良治疗的必要性、生长改良治疗的时机、轻度骨性Ⅲ类错牙合代偿性治疗中应注意的问题、检查诊断中应注意的问题、外科治疗的作用等方面进行了思考和探讨,并提出了在病因探究、生长预测、治疗方法改进及效果评估等方面亟待解决的问题。
[关键词]凹面型;Ⅲ类错牙合;生长改良治疗;代偿性治疗;外科治疗
[中圖分类号]R783.5 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2018)12-0002-02
Current Status and Unsolved Questions in Concave Profile Treatment
, http://www.100md.com
WANG Shuang,YANG Yu-xuan
(Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi,China)
Abstract: Concave profile is a clinical manifestation which indicate nasal base hypodevelopment and & or chin hyperdevelopment compared to the forehead. The primary cause of this dentofacial deformity is maxillary deficiency and & or mandibular prognathism. Skeletal and dental discoordination is commonly appeared in these patients. Treatment of Class Ⅲ malocclusion patients is a challenging and time consuming task which requires precisely handling of the treatment time point. However the treatment outcome is still unpredictable in some cases. In this study we discussed about relationship between Class Ⅲ malocclusion and concave profile, necessary and timing of growth modification, clinical concern in the compensation treatment of mild Class Ⅲ malocclusion, clinical examination of Class Ⅲ patients and orthognathic surgery treatment option. Several urgent problems were raised accordingly about pathogenesis, growth prediction, treatment improvement and outcome evaluation.
, 百拇医药
Key words: concave profile; Class Ⅲ Malocclusion; growth modification; compensation treatment; orthognathic surgery
凹面型指从侧面观察,相对于额部而言,鼻底发育不足和(或)颏部发育相对过度。由于其对患者面型美观影响较严重,越来越引起患者及其家长的重视。凹面型多是由于上颌骨发育不足和(或)下颌骨发育过度导致,骨性和(或)牙性Ⅲ类错牙合常与之相伴。对正畸医师而言,凹面型多数治疗难度大,疗程长,治疗时机难把握,且疗效不确定。目前,对凹面型的诊断治疗及相关研究已经取得了重要进展,有许多较为成熟的治疗方法,多种矫治器和矫治技术也在临床治疗中发挥了重要作用。但相对于牙性错牙合及凸面型的矫治理论和技术的快速进展,凹面型的诊疗进步稍显缓慢,仍然面临一些难题。以下是笔者的一些看法及思考,希望能为大家提供参考。
1 凹面型与Ⅲ类错牙合的关系
, 百拇医药
凹面型即Ⅲ类错牙合吗?凹面型是颅面部的软组织侧貌分型,是依据眉间点与鼻下点连线与鼻下点与颏前点连线所成角度来确定的,反映了软组织特征。牙性Ⅲ类错牙合是根据上下颌第一磨牙的近远中关系来确定的,反映了牙及牙槽的相对关系。骨性Ⅲ类错牙合是根据上下颌骨之间的近远中关系来确定的,反映了骨组织的相对关系。由此可见,凹面型是更直接的,表面化的描述,不仅反映了额部、面中部及面下部的协调关系,也是患者及与患者接触的普通人最容易关注的问题,也是治疗结果最终的反映。当然,凹面型常常是骨性Ⅲ类错牙合的结果,并伴有牙性Ⅲ类错牙合,但也可能只是牙性Ⅲ类错牙合,甚至也可能只是颏部发育过度。
2 比较明确的几个问题
对于仅由于上前牙舌倾及下前牙唇倾导致的凹面型,诊断指标明确,正畸治疗效果肯定,且长期疗效稳定。对于严重骨性Ⅲ类错牙合,生长发育已经结束的患者,正畸正颌联合治疗是首选。对于生长发育已经结束的轻度骨性患者,可以采用牙齿代偿性正畸治疗,也可取得较好效果。如侧貌改变不佳,还可考虑联合颏成型、鼻旁假体置入、鼻整形等整形手术,也可显著改善凹面型,提升颜面美观。, 百拇医药(王爽 杨宇轩)
[关键词]凹面型;Ⅲ类错牙合;生长改良治疗;代偿性治疗;外科治疗
[中圖分类号]R783.5 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2018)12-0002-02
Current Status and Unsolved Questions in Concave Profile Treatment
, http://www.100md.com
WANG Shuang,YANG Yu-xuan
(Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi,China)
Abstract: Concave profile is a clinical manifestation which indicate nasal base hypodevelopment and & or chin hyperdevelopment compared to the forehead. The primary cause of this dentofacial deformity is maxillary deficiency and & or mandibular prognathism. Skeletal and dental discoordination is commonly appeared in these patients. Treatment of Class Ⅲ malocclusion patients is a challenging and time consuming task which requires precisely handling of the treatment time point. However the treatment outcome is still unpredictable in some cases. In this study we discussed about relationship between Class Ⅲ malocclusion and concave profile, necessary and timing of growth modification, clinical concern in the compensation treatment of mild Class Ⅲ malocclusion, clinical examination of Class Ⅲ patients and orthognathic surgery treatment option. Several urgent problems were raised accordingly about pathogenesis, growth prediction, treatment improvement and outcome evaluation.
, 百拇医药
Key words: concave profile; Class Ⅲ Malocclusion; growth modification; compensation treatment; orthognathic surgery
凹面型指从侧面观察,相对于额部而言,鼻底发育不足和(或)颏部发育相对过度。由于其对患者面型美观影响较严重,越来越引起患者及其家长的重视。凹面型多是由于上颌骨发育不足和(或)下颌骨发育过度导致,骨性和(或)牙性Ⅲ类错牙合常与之相伴。对正畸医师而言,凹面型多数治疗难度大,疗程长,治疗时机难把握,且疗效不确定。目前,对凹面型的诊断治疗及相关研究已经取得了重要进展,有许多较为成熟的治疗方法,多种矫治器和矫治技术也在临床治疗中发挥了重要作用。但相对于牙性错牙合及凸面型的矫治理论和技术的快速进展,凹面型的诊疗进步稍显缓慢,仍然面临一些难题。以下是笔者的一些看法及思考,希望能为大家提供参考。
1 凹面型与Ⅲ类错牙合的关系
, 百拇医药
凹面型即Ⅲ类错牙合吗?凹面型是颅面部的软组织侧貌分型,是依据眉间点与鼻下点连线与鼻下点与颏前点连线所成角度来确定的,反映了软组织特征。牙性Ⅲ类错牙合是根据上下颌第一磨牙的近远中关系来确定的,反映了牙及牙槽的相对关系。骨性Ⅲ类错牙合是根据上下颌骨之间的近远中关系来确定的,反映了骨组织的相对关系。由此可见,凹面型是更直接的,表面化的描述,不仅反映了额部、面中部及面下部的协调关系,也是患者及与患者接触的普通人最容易关注的问题,也是治疗结果最终的反映。当然,凹面型常常是骨性Ⅲ类错牙合的结果,并伴有牙性Ⅲ类错牙合,但也可能只是牙性Ⅲ类错牙合,甚至也可能只是颏部发育过度。
2 比较明确的几个问题
对于仅由于上前牙舌倾及下前牙唇倾导致的凹面型,诊断指标明确,正畸治疗效果肯定,且长期疗效稳定。对于严重骨性Ⅲ类错牙合,生长发育已经结束的患者,正畸正颌联合治疗是首选。对于生长发育已经结束的轻度骨性患者,可以采用牙齿代偿性正畸治疗,也可取得较好效果。如侧貌改变不佳,还可考虑联合颏成型、鼻旁假体置入、鼻整形等整形手术,也可显著改善凹面型,提升颜面美观。, 百拇医药(王爽 杨宇轩)