输尿管下端狭窄诊治体会(1)
【摘要】目的:探讨输尿管下端狭窄的诊治方法。 方法:回顾性分析13 例输尿管膀胱连接部狭窄的临床资料。男5例,女8例。平均年龄45 岁。左侧4 例,右侧7例,双侧2例。膀胱壁间段狭窄11例;膀胱前段狭窄2例,膀胱隧道式输尿管膀胱吻合术,术中留置双J 管10例,输尿管膀胱角吻合术2例,膀胱瓣输尿管下端成形术,术中留置双J 管1例。 结果:13例术后随访2 个月~6 年,全组无输尿管狭窄,治愈率69%,无效率31%。其中膀胱隧道式输尿管膀胱吻合术70%(7/10),好转率30%(3/10);输尿管膀胱角吻合术50%(1/2),好转率50%(1/2);膀胱瓣输尿管下端成形术治愈率100%(1/1)。膀胱造影无膀胱输尿管返流。 结论 膀胱隧道式输尿管膀胱吻合术和输尿管膀胱角吻合术治疗输尿管膀胱连接部狭窄创伤小,疗效满意。
【关键词】输尿管下端;狭窄;诊治
【中图分类号】R699【文献标识码】B【文章编号】1008-6455(2011)04-0334-02
, http://www.100md.com
【Abstract】Objective:TO explore the diagnosis and treatment for ureter distal part stricture. Methods:13 cases of ureter distal part stricture were analysed retrospectively,of them(man 5,women 8;average age 45) unilateral stricture of ureter distal part in 11(left 4,right 7)and bilateral stricture of ureter distal part in 2;of them the section of the wall of the bladder stricture in 11 and the anterior bladder stricture in 2. Bladder tunnel ureterovesical anastomosis and placing a double-J stent under endoscopy were performed in 10 cases, Ureterovesical-angle anastomosis were performed in 2 cases, bladder flap ureter distal part plasty and placing a double-J stent were performed in 1 case. Results:All cases were followed up 2 months to 6 years and cure rate 69%, the rate of iinvalidity was 31%. 70% of cure rate was achieved by bladder tunnel ureterovesical anastomosis; 50% of cure rate was achieved by ureterovesical-angle anastomosis; 100% of cure rate was achieved by bladder flap ureter distal part plasty. The renal function,hydronephrosis were obviously improved after operation and there was no vesicoureteral reflux. Conclusions:Bladder tunnel ureterovesical and ureterovesical-angle anastomosis are the safe and effective methods.
, 百拇医药
【Key words】ureter distal part;stricture;diagnosis and treatment
输尿管膀胱连接部狭窄病症隐匿,多数病情发展到一定程度以后才来院就诊。2005 年8 月至2010 年4月我们收治13 例,总结报告如下。
1 材料与方法
1.1 临床资料:本组13 例。男5例,女8 例。年龄15 岁~ 65岁,平均43 岁。左侧4 例,右侧7例,双侧2 例。膀胱壁间段狭窄9例;膀胱内段狭窄2例,膀胱前段狭窄2例。病程2 个月~ 6 年。临床表现腰痛8 例,其中持续性钝痛和隐痛6 例,伴阵发性加重2 例;尿频伴进行性排尿困难、尿失禁1例;尿频、尿急、尿痛1 例。无明显症状体检时发现3例。实验室检查:镜下血尿3 例,白细胞尿2例.尿培养阳性2 例。血肌酐异常3 例,尿素氮异常1 例。B 超检查13例,均显示程度不等的肾和输尿管积水。IVU 13 例,患侧肾显影不良5例,肾和输尿管上段积水5例,肾和输尿管以及梗阻部位显示清晰3 例。逆行造影13例,成功12 例,明确显示梗阻部位和程度。膀胱1例。CT 3 例,均示肾和输尿管积水。
, http://www.100md.com
1.2 方法:根据狭窄部位、长度和程度,以及患侧肾脏功能选择不同的治疗方法。①膀胱隧道式输尿管膀胱吻合术,游离右侧输尿管直至输尿管距输尿管狭窄部约0.5cm处剪断,膀胱侧残端用7#丝线结扎;切开输尿管远端3cm,在输尿管外侧缘剪裁去除1/3管壁,余2/3管壁用5-0缝线间断缝合,使具有正常口径的输尿管腔。在膀胱前壁切一斜行切口约长3cm,切口肌层深达粘膜层,未切开粘膜,在切口底端将粘膜作一戳口,其口径与输尿管口径相当,将F8号双J管插入近端输尿管,下端插入膀胱内,5-0缝线将输尿管粘膜与膀胱粘膜间断吻合。然后,将输尿管壁与膀胱壁肌层缝合3针,再间断缝合膀胱切口,将末端输尿管埋藏于切口之内。术毕术中留置双J 管②输尿管膀胱角吻合术③膀胱瓣输尿管下端成形术,术中留置双J 管。
1.3 疗效判定标准:①成功率:症状消失,B 超和IVU 示肾积水明显减轻或有肾积水但输尿管引流通畅;②无效:症状无缓解或很快又重新出现,B 超和IVU 示肾积水无减轻甚至加重。[1]
, 百拇医药
2 结果
本组13 例,术后症状消失或明显好转,经B 超、IVU、膀胱造影和肾图等检查,肾积水明显减轻,肾功能均有恢复。13 例输尿管均显影,2 例术前肾积水较重患侧肾显影不良者输尿管显影较淡。输尿管末端无狭窄,无输尿管返流。血肌酐、尿素氮异常者均恢复正常。本组手术13 例,切口均一期愈合。泌尿系感染4 例,经抗生素治疗后均治愈。本组13例,术后随访2 个月~ 6 年,全组无输尿管狭窄,成功率78%,无效率22%。其中膀胱隧道式输尿管膀胱吻合术70%(7/10),无效率30%(3/10);输尿管膀胱角吻合术50%(1/2),无效率50%(1/2);膀胱瓣输尿管下端成形术治愈率100%(1/1)。
3 讨论
输尿管下端狭窄临床上多无典型症状,腰痛伴肾和输尿管积水者应考虑本病的可能,需进行相应的检查。影像学检查仍是诊断本病的主要手段,B 超、IVU 可显示肾和输尿管积水情况,显影不良者可行逆行造影。MRU 能了解肾和输尿管积水程度以及输尿管和膀胱的关系,对诊断很有帮助。对肾积水较重的患者应作肾图和肾脏CT,了解患侧肾功能和肾实质厚度,确定是否保留肾脏。我们依据输尿管膀胱连接部狭窄部位、长度和程度,以及患侧肾脏功能选择不同的治疗方法。据文献报道,输尿管膀胱吻合术后泌尿外科并发症的发生率为5%-15%左右。, http://www.100md.com(倪锋 杜永辉 赵旭东 郑亮 赵志强 王海霞 王宝凤)
【关键词】输尿管下端;狭窄;诊治
【中图分类号】R699【文献标识码】B【文章编号】1008-6455(2011)04-0334-02
, http://www.100md.com
【Abstract】Objective:TO explore the diagnosis and treatment for ureter distal part stricture. Methods:13 cases of ureter distal part stricture were analysed retrospectively,of them(man 5,women 8;average age 45) unilateral stricture of ureter distal part in 11(left 4,right 7)and bilateral stricture of ureter distal part in 2;of them the section of the wall of the bladder stricture in 11 and the anterior bladder stricture in 2. Bladder tunnel ureterovesical anastomosis and placing a double-J stent under endoscopy were performed in 10 cases, Ureterovesical-angle anastomosis were performed in 2 cases, bladder flap ureter distal part plasty and placing a double-J stent were performed in 1 case. Results:All cases were followed up 2 months to 6 years and cure rate 69%, the rate of iinvalidity was 31%. 70% of cure rate was achieved by bladder tunnel ureterovesical anastomosis; 50% of cure rate was achieved by ureterovesical-angle anastomosis; 100% of cure rate was achieved by bladder flap ureter distal part plasty. The renal function,hydronephrosis were obviously improved after operation and there was no vesicoureteral reflux. Conclusions:Bladder tunnel ureterovesical and ureterovesical-angle anastomosis are the safe and effective methods.
, 百拇医药
【Key words】ureter distal part;stricture;diagnosis and treatment
输尿管膀胱连接部狭窄病症隐匿,多数病情发展到一定程度以后才来院就诊。2005 年8 月至2010 年4月我们收治13 例,总结报告如下。
1 材料与方法
1.1 临床资料:本组13 例。男5例,女8 例。年龄15 岁~ 65岁,平均43 岁。左侧4 例,右侧7例,双侧2 例。膀胱壁间段狭窄9例;膀胱内段狭窄2例,膀胱前段狭窄2例。病程2 个月~ 6 年。临床表现腰痛8 例,其中持续性钝痛和隐痛6 例,伴阵发性加重2 例;尿频伴进行性排尿困难、尿失禁1例;尿频、尿急、尿痛1 例。无明显症状体检时发现3例。实验室检查:镜下血尿3 例,白细胞尿2例.尿培养阳性2 例。血肌酐异常3 例,尿素氮异常1 例。B 超检查13例,均显示程度不等的肾和输尿管积水。IVU 13 例,患侧肾显影不良5例,肾和输尿管上段积水5例,肾和输尿管以及梗阻部位显示清晰3 例。逆行造影13例,成功12 例,明确显示梗阻部位和程度。膀胱1例。CT 3 例,均示肾和输尿管积水。
, http://www.100md.com
1.2 方法:根据狭窄部位、长度和程度,以及患侧肾脏功能选择不同的治疗方法。①膀胱隧道式输尿管膀胱吻合术,游离右侧输尿管直至输尿管距输尿管狭窄部约0.5cm处剪断,膀胱侧残端用7#丝线结扎;切开输尿管远端3cm,在输尿管外侧缘剪裁去除1/3管壁,余2/3管壁用5-0缝线间断缝合,使具有正常口径的输尿管腔。在膀胱前壁切一斜行切口约长3cm,切口肌层深达粘膜层,未切开粘膜,在切口底端将粘膜作一戳口,其口径与输尿管口径相当,将F8号双J管插入近端输尿管,下端插入膀胱内,5-0缝线将输尿管粘膜与膀胱粘膜间断吻合。然后,将输尿管壁与膀胱壁肌层缝合3针,再间断缝合膀胱切口,将末端输尿管埋藏于切口之内。术毕术中留置双J 管②输尿管膀胱角吻合术③膀胱瓣输尿管下端成形术,术中留置双J 管。
1.3 疗效判定标准:①成功率:症状消失,B 超和IVU 示肾积水明显减轻或有肾积水但输尿管引流通畅;②无效:症状无缓解或很快又重新出现,B 超和IVU 示肾积水无减轻甚至加重。[1]
, 百拇医药
2 结果
本组13 例,术后症状消失或明显好转,经B 超、IVU、膀胱造影和肾图等检查,肾积水明显减轻,肾功能均有恢复。13 例输尿管均显影,2 例术前肾积水较重患侧肾显影不良者输尿管显影较淡。输尿管末端无狭窄,无输尿管返流。血肌酐、尿素氮异常者均恢复正常。本组手术13 例,切口均一期愈合。泌尿系感染4 例,经抗生素治疗后均治愈。本组13例,术后随访2 个月~ 6 年,全组无输尿管狭窄,成功率78%,无效率22%。其中膀胱隧道式输尿管膀胱吻合术70%(7/10),无效率30%(3/10);输尿管膀胱角吻合术50%(1/2),无效率50%(1/2);膀胱瓣输尿管下端成形术治愈率100%(1/1)。
3 讨论
输尿管下端狭窄临床上多无典型症状,腰痛伴肾和输尿管积水者应考虑本病的可能,需进行相应的检查。影像学检查仍是诊断本病的主要手段,B 超、IVU 可显示肾和输尿管积水情况,显影不良者可行逆行造影。MRU 能了解肾和输尿管积水程度以及输尿管和膀胱的关系,对诊断很有帮助。对肾积水较重的患者应作肾图和肾脏CT,了解患侧肾功能和肾实质厚度,确定是否保留肾脏。我们依据输尿管膀胱连接部狭窄部位、长度和程度,以及患侧肾脏功能选择不同的治疗方法。据文献报道,输尿管膀胱吻合术后泌尿外科并发症的发生率为5%-15%左右。, http://www.100md.com(倪锋 杜永辉 赵旭东 郑亮 赵志强 王海霞 王宝凤)