Conclusions In the district of hospital， the lower respiratory infection was usually caused by viruses. Therefore， antibiotics should not be given in patients without evidence of bacterial infection. It is a irrational strategy to use antibiotics in those patients when the Children Drug Utilization Index is high (>1.0). It is paramount important to notice that the percentage of positive bacteria growth in sputum cultures is usually not high because the antibiotics are given by OPD physicians before hospitalization of patients with bacterial infections in the acute respiratory illness.

    【Key words】Pneumonia； Children ；Infection ；Drug utilization index；Antimicrobial agents

    急性呼吸道感染是门诊及住院患儿就医的常见原因 ......