早期应激对抑郁相关行为及神经内分泌反应的长期影响(3)
4 小结
综上所述，早期应激对大鼠抑郁相关行为的影响取决于应激条件、动物种系、性别等多种因素的作用。已有的研究表明，早期应激对大鼠抑郁相关行为的影响具有特异性。早期应激并不影响动物的本能行为，也不影响首次应激情境下的本能行为。但早期应激确实对行为动机和应激应对等认知相关的行为产生影响。早期应激减弱动物获得奖赏的行为动机，另外，早期应激导致成年动物的应激应对能力受损，对经历的应激事件更容易发展出习得性无助和行为绝望的抑郁行为。这些研究表明早期应激对成年动物抑郁行为产生一种潜在的易患病素质或易感倾向的影响，且这种影响是长期的，甚至是终生的。相关的神经生物学机制研究表明，多种神经递质、神经肽类物质、神经营养因子，HPA轴，海马损伤等参与了这一影响过程，具体的作用机制有待于进一步的探讨。
早期应激与抑郁易感性的研究具有重要的理论和应用价值。探讨早期应激对成年动物抑郁相关行为的长期影响及其神经生物学机理，有助于促进对这类流行的精神疾病病因机制的理解以及新的抗抑郁药物开发，进而促进对抑郁发生的早期发现和干预。
, http://www.100md.com
参考文献
[1] Agid O, Shapira B, Zislin J, et al. Environment and vulnerability to major psychiatric illness : a case control study of early parental loss in major depression , bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry, 1999, 4: 163~172
[2] 李鹤展, 张亚林. 儿童期虐待与成人抑郁症. 国外医学精神病学分册, 2004, 31(2): 100~103
[3] Roy A. Early parental separation and adult depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1985, 42: 987
, http://www.100md.com
[4] Gilmer W S, McKinney W T. Early experience and depressive disorders: human and non-human primate studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2003, 75: 97~113
[5] Tenant C. Parental loss in childhood relationship to adult psychiatric impairment and contact with psychiatric services. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1981, 38: 309
[6] Pryce C R, Ru¨edi-Bettschen D, Dettling A C, et al. Long-term effects of early-life environmental manipulations in rodents and primates: Potential animal models in depression research. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2005, 29: 649~674
, http://www.100md.com
[7] Matthews K, Robbins T W. Early experience as a determinant of adult behavioural responses to reward: the effects of repeated maternal separation in the rat. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2003, 27: 45~55
[8] Willner P. Validity, reliability and utility of the chronic mild stress. model of depression: a 10-year review and evaluation. Psychopharmacology, 1997, 134:319~329
[9] Pryce C R, Bettschen D, Feldon J. Comparison of the effects of early handling and early deprivation on maternal care in the rat. Developmental Psychobiology, 2001, 38: 239~251
, http://www.100md.com
[10] Shumake J, Barrett D, Gonzalez-Lima F. Behavioral characteristics of rats predisposed to learned helplessness: Reduced reward sensitivity, increased novelty seeking, and persistent fear memories. Behavioural Brain Research, 2005, 164: 222~230
[11] Pryce C R, Feldon J. Long-term neurobehavioural impact of the postnatal environment in rats: manipulations, effects and mediating mechanisms. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2003, 27: 57~71
, http://www.100md.com
[12] Vollmayr B, Henn F A. Learned helplessness in the rat: improvements in validity and reliability. Brain Research Protocols, 2001, 8: 1~7
[13] Ru¨edi-Bettschen D, Pedersen E M. Early deprivation under specific conditions leads to reduced interest in reward in adulthood in Wistar rats. Behavioural Brain Research, 2005, 156: 297~310
[14] Ru¨edi-Bettschen D, Feldon J, Pryce C R. The impaired coping induced by early deprivation is reversed by chronic fluoxetine treatment in adult Fischer rats. Behavioural Pharmacology, 2004, 15: 413~421
[ 上 页 ] [ 下 页 ], 百拇医药(王玮文 邵 枫 刘 美 林文娟)
综上所述，早期应激对大鼠抑郁相关行为的影响取决于应激条件、动物种系、性别等多种因素的作用。已有的研究表明，早期应激对大鼠抑郁相关行为的影响具有特异性。早期应激并不影响动物的本能行为，也不影响首次应激情境下的本能行为。但早期应激确实对行为动机和应激应对等认知相关的行为产生影响。早期应激减弱动物获得奖赏的行为动机，另外，早期应激导致成年动物的应激应对能力受损，对经历的应激事件更容易发展出习得性无助和行为绝望的抑郁行为。这些研究表明早期应激对成年动物抑郁行为产生一种潜在的易患病素质或易感倾向的影响，且这种影响是长期的，甚至是终生的。相关的神经生物学机制研究表明，多种神经递质、神经肽类物质、神经营养因子，HPA轴，海马损伤等参与了这一影响过程，具体的作用机制有待于进一步的探讨。
早期应激与抑郁易感性的研究具有重要的理论和应用价值。探讨早期应激对成年动物抑郁相关行为的长期影响及其神经生物学机理，有助于促进对这类流行的精神疾病病因机制的理解以及新的抗抑郁药物开发，进而促进对抑郁发生的早期发现和干预。
, http://www.100md.com
参考文献
[1] Agid O, Shapira B, Zislin J, et al. Environment and vulnerability to major psychiatric illness : a case control study of early parental loss in major depression , bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry, 1999, 4: 163~172
[2] 李鹤展, 张亚林. 儿童期虐待与成人抑郁症. 国外医学精神病学分册, 2004, 31(2): 100~103
[3] Roy A. Early parental separation and adult depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1985, 42: 987
, http://www.100md.com
[4] Gilmer W S, McKinney W T. Early experience and depressive disorders: human and non-human primate studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2003, 75: 97~113
[5] Tenant C. Parental loss in childhood relationship to adult psychiatric impairment and contact with psychiatric services. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1981, 38: 309
[6] Pryce C R, Ru¨edi-Bettschen D, Dettling A C, et al. Long-term effects of early-life environmental manipulations in rodents and primates: Potential animal models in depression research. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2005, 29: 649~674
, http://www.100md.com
[7] Matthews K, Robbins T W. Early experience as a determinant of adult behavioural responses to reward: the effects of repeated maternal separation in the rat. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2003, 27: 45~55
[8] Willner P. Validity, reliability and utility of the chronic mild stress. model of depression: a 10-year review and evaluation. Psychopharmacology, 1997, 134:319~329
[9] Pryce C R, Bettschen D, Feldon J. Comparison of the effects of early handling and early deprivation on maternal care in the rat. Developmental Psychobiology, 2001, 38: 239~251
, http://www.100md.com
[10] Shumake J, Barrett D, Gonzalez-Lima F. Behavioral characteristics of rats predisposed to learned helplessness: Reduced reward sensitivity, increased novelty seeking, and persistent fear memories. Behavioural Brain Research, 2005, 164: 222~230
[11] Pryce C R, Feldon J. Long-term neurobehavioural impact of the postnatal environment in rats: manipulations, effects and mediating mechanisms. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2003, 27: 57~71
, http://www.100md.com
[12] Vollmayr B, Henn F A. Learned helplessness in the rat: improvements in validity and reliability. Brain Research Protocols, 2001, 8: 1~7
[13] Ru¨edi-Bettschen D, Pedersen E M. Early deprivation under specific conditions leads to reduced interest in reward in adulthood in Wistar rats. Behavioural Brain Research, 2005, 156: 297~310
[14] Ru¨edi-Bettschen D, Feldon J, Pryce C R. The impaired coping induced by early deprivation is reversed by chronic fluoxetine treatment in adult Fischer rats. Behavioural Pharmacology, 2004, 15: 413~421
[ 上 页 ] [ 下 页 ], 百拇医药(王玮文 邵 枫 刘 美 林文娟)