反社会人格障碍罪犯性心理及行为特征(1)
【摘 要】 目的:探讨反社会人格障碍罪犯性心理及行为特征,为全面了解罪犯心理变化提供依据。方法:运用人格诊断问卷(PDQ-4+)对137名男性罪犯进行筛查,并由精神科医师进一步按照美国精神病学会诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)中反社会人格障碍诊断标准诊断,其中60名反社会人格障碍罪犯(ASPD)为研究组,其他77名非反社会人格障碍罪犯(NPD)为对照组。同时运用一般情况及性心理和行为问卷、Barratt 冲动量表(BIS)评估其性心理和行为以及冲动水平。结果:ASPD组已婚比例为15%,低于NPD组的40%(P<0.01);幼小时受到虐待的人数比为30%,高于NPD组的14.93%(P<0.05);第一次性经验平均年龄为17.23岁,低于NPD组(P<0.01);ASPD组在BIS总分及各因子分上均高于NPD组,但只有BIS总分及自动性因子两项有统计学意义。结论:反社会人格障碍罪犯性心理及行为特点表现为早期即有性体验,未婚者较多,低责任感,在监禁环境中具有较高冲动性等。
【关键词】 反社会人格障碍; 罪犯; 性心理; 性行为
, 百拇医药
The characteristics of sexual psychology and behavior in offenderswith antisocial personality disorder
WU Yanfeng, TAN Zhao’an
The Department of Psychology, the Second Affiliated Hospital ofNanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
【Abstract】 Objectives: To study the characteristics of sexual psychology and behavior in offenders with antisocial personality disorder. Methods: 137 male offenders were collected by the self-made demography scale and Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ-4+). 60 criminal people with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and 77 criminal people without personality disorder (NPD) were involved; Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) was used to evaluate the impulsivity. Results: The proportion of married in ASPD group was 15%, which was lower than the NPD group (P<0.01); the proportion of childhood sexual abuse in ASPD group was 30%, which was higher than the NPD group (P<0.05); the average age of first sexual experience was 17.23, which was lower than the NPD group (P<0.01); the scores of BIS-11 and its factors in ASPD group were higher than the NPD group, but only the motor impulsiveness factor score and BIS-11 total scores between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05); Conclusions: The sexual characteristics of psychology and behavior in offenders with ASPD were early sexual experience, more unmarried, low sense of responsibility and high impulsivity in the prison environment.
, 百拇医药
【Key words】 Antisocial personality disorder; Offenders; Sexual psychology; Sexual behavior
性对人格发展的影响历来是医学家、社会学家和人类学家所关注的中心,性心理的健康发展是人格完善的重要指标之一。早年性体验在后来人格塑造的过程中发挥着重要的作用[1],比如负性的性体验(性虐待、强奸等)可能会对个体人格的发展产生负面影响,形成各种异常人格,比如反社会人格障碍。有研究表明反社会人格障碍者性经历发生较早,且易发生淫乱等行为[2]。伴随着性心理的成熟,个体人格也趋于稳定。但是性心理在人的一生中并不是一成不变的,可以随着阅历、环境变迁、家庭关系等相关影响因素变化而变化。本研究旨在探讨反社会人格障碍罪犯性心理及行为的特点。
1 对象与方法
1.1 对 象
, 百拇医药
南京地区监狱因犯伤害、抢劫、强奸罪而判刑入狱的男性罪犯137名。入组标准:男性,20~55岁,小学以上文化程度;均为因伤害、强奸、抢劫等攻击行为而被判刑的罪犯;排除标准:无脑外伤史;无物质依赖、内分泌疾病、肥胖症、神经系统疾病和其他精神障碍;幼年无儿童精神疾病、无精神发育迟滞、无精神药物使用史;两系三代无异族通婚史。所有研究对象填写人格诊断问卷(PDQ-4+)进行筛查,将PDQ分值≥42分者93例列入可疑人格障碍范围,并由精神科医生进一步按照美国精神病学会诊断与统计手册第4版中反社会人格障碍诊断标准诊断入组,将符合诊断标准60例设为ASPD组,PDQ分值<42分者及未诊断为反社会人格障碍的77例设为NPD组。所有参加人员均提前告知测试的目的,并签署知情同意书。
1.2 工 具
1.2.1 自编一般情况及性心理和行为调查表 一般情况调查表内容包括姓名、性别、年龄、民族、婚姻状况、受教育年限、犯罪类型等内容。性心理及行为调查表主要包括以下项目:“幼小时是否受到性虐待”,“第一次性经历年龄”,“性伙伴个数”,“是否对伴侣不忠诚”,“是否经常怀疑自己的伴侣对自己不忠诚”,“是否发生过强迫性行为”等。
1.2.2 人格诊断问卷(Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire,PDQ-4+) 是自陈式人格诊断问卷,包括107个项目,归为12个领域,分别用于评估DSM-Ⅳ中的12 种类型的人格障碍。问卷信度为0.5～0.8[3]。
1.2.3 Barratt 冲动量表(Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, BIS-11)[4], 百拇医药(吴岩峰 谭钊安)
【关键词】 反社会人格障碍; 罪犯; 性心理; 性行为
, 百拇医药
The characteristics of sexual psychology and behavior in offenderswith antisocial personality disorder
WU Yanfeng, TAN Zhao’an
The Department of Psychology, the Second Affiliated Hospital ofNanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
【Abstract】 Objectives: To study the characteristics of sexual psychology and behavior in offenders with antisocial personality disorder. Methods: 137 male offenders were collected by the self-made demography scale and Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ-4+). 60 criminal people with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and 77 criminal people without personality disorder (NPD) were involved; Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) was used to evaluate the impulsivity. Results: The proportion of married in ASPD group was 15%, which was lower than the NPD group (P<0.01); the proportion of childhood sexual abuse in ASPD group was 30%, which was higher than the NPD group (P<0.05); the average age of first sexual experience was 17.23, which was lower than the NPD group (P<0.01); the scores of BIS-11 and its factors in ASPD group were higher than the NPD group, but only the motor impulsiveness factor score and BIS-11 total scores between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05); Conclusions: The sexual characteristics of psychology and behavior in offenders with ASPD were early sexual experience, more unmarried, low sense of responsibility and high impulsivity in the prison environment.
, 百拇医药
【Key words】 Antisocial personality disorder; Offenders; Sexual psychology; Sexual behavior
性对人格发展的影响历来是医学家、社会学家和人类学家所关注的中心,性心理的健康发展是人格完善的重要指标之一。早年性体验在后来人格塑造的过程中发挥着重要的作用[1],比如负性的性体验(性虐待、强奸等)可能会对个体人格的发展产生负面影响,形成各种异常人格,比如反社会人格障碍。有研究表明反社会人格障碍者性经历发生较早,且易发生淫乱等行为[2]。伴随着性心理的成熟,个体人格也趋于稳定。但是性心理在人的一生中并不是一成不变的,可以随着阅历、环境变迁、家庭关系等相关影响因素变化而变化。本研究旨在探讨反社会人格障碍罪犯性心理及行为的特点。
1 对象与方法
1.1 对 象
, 百拇医药
南京地区监狱因犯伤害、抢劫、强奸罪而判刑入狱的男性罪犯137名。入组标准:男性,20~55岁,小学以上文化程度;均为因伤害、强奸、抢劫等攻击行为而被判刑的罪犯;排除标准:无脑外伤史;无物质依赖、内分泌疾病、肥胖症、神经系统疾病和其他精神障碍;幼年无儿童精神疾病、无精神发育迟滞、无精神药物使用史;两系三代无异族通婚史。所有研究对象填写人格诊断问卷(PDQ-4+)进行筛查,将PDQ分值≥42分者93例列入可疑人格障碍范围,并由精神科医生进一步按照美国精神病学会诊断与统计手册第4版中反社会人格障碍诊断标准诊断入组,将符合诊断标准60例设为ASPD组,PDQ分值<42分者及未诊断为反社会人格障碍的77例设为NPD组。所有参加人员均提前告知测试的目的,并签署知情同意书。
1.2 工 具
1.2.1 自编一般情况及性心理和行为调查表 一般情况调查表内容包括姓名、性别、年龄、民族、婚姻状况、受教育年限、犯罪类型等内容。性心理及行为调查表主要包括以下项目:“幼小时是否受到性虐待”,“第一次性经历年龄”,“性伙伴个数”,“是否对伴侣不忠诚”,“是否经常怀疑自己的伴侣对自己不忠诚”,“是否发生过强迫性行为”等。
1.2.2 人格诊断问卷(Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire,PDQ-4+) 是自陈式人格诊断问卷,包括107个项目,归为12个领域,分别用于评估DSM-Ⅳ中的12 种类型的人格障碍。问卷信度为0.5～0.8[3]。
1.2.3 Barratt 冲动量表(Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, BIS-11)[4], 百拇医药(吴岩峰 谭钊安)