剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠8例临床分析(1)
【摘 要】 目的:探讨剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠(CSP)的诊断和治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析我院2006年1月~2010年1月8例CSP患者临床资料,分别根据患者症状、体征及辅助检查情况,采取MTX化疗,MTX化疗联合清宫治疗,子宫动脉栓塞加清宫术,局部病灶切除术,全子宫切除术。术后注意观察并发症及定期随访。结果:MTX化疗组治愈率82%,少数患者有胃肠道症状及脱发现象;全子宫切除术组治愈率100%,患者病情恢复良好; MTX化疗联合清宫治疗组治愈率91%,子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)加清宫术组治愈率100%,月经周期恢复正常,一般情况良好。结论:剖宫产后瘢痕妊娠是少见而危险的异位妊娠,其诊断需结合患者症状体征及实验室辅助检查确定,需根据患者病情,选择合适的治疗手段。
【关键词】 剖宫产术; 瘢痕; 异位妊娠; 诊断与治疗
A report on 8 cases of cesarean section scar pregnancy
, 百拇医药
WEI Jia
Longchang People’s Hospital, Neijiang 642150, China
【Abstract】 Objectives: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment on cesarean section scar pregnancy (CSP). Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of eight CSP patients admitted into our hospital from January, 2006 to January,2010. Based on the patients’ symptoms, signs and laboratory tests, they were accordingly treated with MTX chemotherapy, MTX chemotherapy combined with uterus curettage,local lesion resection and hysterectomy. Postoperative observation was made for fear of complications and the patients were regularly followed-up. Results: In MTX chemotherapy group, 82% of patients indicated recovery and a few patients were complicated with gastrointestinal symptoms and alopecia; In hysterectomy group, the patients showed 100% recovery rate. In MTX chemotherapy combined with uterus curettage group, the curative rate was 91%.Conclusion:The cesarean section scar pregnancy is a rare and dangerous ectopic pregnancy, the diagnosis and the treatment should be made by taking into consideration a combination of factors including symptoms, signs, and laboratory test results.
, 百拇医药
【Key words】 Cesarean section; Scar; Ectopic pregnancy; Diagnosis and treatment
剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(cesarean scars pregnancy,CSP)指的是妊娠囊或胚囊着床于既往子宫切口瘢痕处,为剖宫产的远期并发症之一,是异位妊娠最罕见的一种,易漏诊、误诊而出现大出血、子宫破裂、子宫切除等严重后果。早诊断、早治疗对于疾病预后有积极意义。我院2006年1月~2010年1月收治CSP患者8例,现将诊疗经过报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
8例患者均有剖宫产史,有停经史、子宫增大、血β-HCG升高等正常早孕表现。年龄26~40岁,平均30.1岁,标准差0.6。孕次2~4次。停经时间37~82天。均有1~2次剖宫产,距发病间隔时间4个月~12年。停经后有少量阴道流血2例,无阴道流血6例,均无腹痛。妇科检查:宫颈外观正常,5例子宫大于正常,3例子宫略饱满。本资料超声检查特点为宫腔内未见确切孕囊,子宫前壁下段可见孕囊或者不规则的回声区,其团块内或周边血流丰富。
, http://www.100md.com
1.2 治疗情况1例因无生育要求而直接行子宫全切术,1例行局部病灶切除术,术后均恢复良好,住院时间为11d。2例使用甲氨蝶呤(MTX) (50mg/m2)加四氢叶酸钙(5mg/m2)加米非司酮(50mg,2次/d),连续6天药物保守治疗,并绝对卧床休息。在彩超证实子宫切口局部血流明显减少或消失后行清宫术。4例刮宫术中出血患者栓塞前给予输液、输血、补充血容量和纠正休克治疗后行急诊栓塞术行子宫动脉栓塞加清宫术。
方法:局麻下采用Seldinger技术,在DSA监视下经右侧股动脉穿刺,将4F导管超选择性插入左侧髂内动脉、子宫动脉,插管成功后造影显示子宫动脉明显增粗、扭曲,子宫下段血管增多、紊乱,然后灌注MTX50mg,接着用直径1~3mm的明胶海绵颗粒栓塞双侧子宫动脉,直至子宫动脉血流缓慢后再用明胶海绵条块栓塞,再次进行造影检查显示子宫动脉及末梢闭塞。右侧子宫动脉插管采用导管成襻技术,栓塞方法同左侧,术毕拔管,局部加压包扎10~30min。
, 百拇医药
1例患者因血β-HCG水平较低未行刮宫术,3例患者栓塞36 h后在超声监视下行负压吸引人工流产术。
2 结 果
8例患者均治愈,2例经手术治疗,2例药物治疗,住院时间较长,4例刮宫后致阴道大出血的患者栓塞后10~15min阴道出血即止。8例患者术后病理检查瘢痕处见绒毛组织,4例UAE术中出血量为20~60ml,平均30ml,无1例发生大出血,全部保留了子宫。术后每周监测血β-HCG的变化,所有患者术后3周内(10~21天)血β-HCG恢复正常。患者术后随访3个月,月经均恢复正常,未出现闭经和卵巢早衰。
3 讨 论
CSP是剖宫产术后远期潜在的严重并发症[1],是子宫肌壁间妊娠的一种特殊类型。其发病机制尚未明确,可能与孕卵运行过快、剖宫产引起子宫内膜间质蜕膜缺乏;受精卵着床,发生底蜕膜缺损;滋养细胞直接侵入子宫肌层,并不断生长,绒毛与子宫肌层粘连、植入甚至穿透子宫壁等有关[2]。目前普遍认为本病与剖宫产率升高,长效避孕率低,诊断水平提高及手术缝合方式有关,盲目行人工流产术及清宫术,可致大出血,危及患者生命,因此对剖宫产后再次妊娠患者应警惕剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠,尤其发生不规则阴道流血时,应常规做经阴道彩超检查,注意孕囊着床位置及周围血流情况。术前明确诊断对保留子宫和减少术中、术后出血有重要意义。, 百拇医药(魏佳)
【关键词】 剖宫产术; 瘢痕; 异位妊娠; 诊断与治疗
A report on 8 cases of cesarean section scar pregnancy
, 百拇医药
WEI Jia
Longchang People’s Hospital, Neijiang 642150, China
【Abstract】 Objectives: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment on cesarean section scar pregnancy (CSP). Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of eight CSP patients admitted into our hospital from January, 2006 to January,2010. Based on the patients’ symptoms, signs and laboratory tests, they were accordingly treated with MTX chemotherapy, MTX chemotherapy combined with uterus curettage,local lesion resection and hysterectomy. Postoperative observation was made for fear of complications and the patients were regularly followed-up. Results: In MTX chemotherapy group, 82% of patients indicated recovery and a few patients were complicated with gastrointestinal symptoms and alopecia; In hysterectomy group, the patients showed 100% recovery rate. In MTX chemotherapy combined with uterus curettage group, the curative rate was 91%.Conclusion:The cesarean section scar pregnancy is a rare and dangerous ectopic pregnancy, the diagnosis and the treatment should be made by taking into consideration a combination of factors including symptoms, signs, and laboratory test results.
, 百拇医药
【Key words】 Cesarean section; Scar; Ectopic pregnancy; Diagnosis and treatment
剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(cesarean scars pregnancy,CSP)指的是妊娠囊或胚囊着床于既往子宫切口瘢痕处,为剖宫产的远期并发症之一,是异位妊娠最罕见的一种,易漏诊、误诊而出现大出血、子宫破裂、子宫切除等严重后果。早诊断、早治疗对于疾病预后有积极意义。我院2006年1月~2010年1月收治CSP患者8例,现将诊疗经过报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
8例患者均有剖宫产史,有停经史、子宫增大、血β-HCG升高等正常早孕表现。年龄26~40岁,平均30.1岁,标准差0.6。孕次2~4次。停经时间37~82天。均有1~2次剖宫产,距发病间隔时间4个月~12年。停经后有少量阴道流血2例,无阴道流血6例,均无腹痛。妇科检查:宫颈外观正常,5例子宫大于正常,3例子宫略饱满。本资料超声检查特点为宫腔内未见确切孕囊,子宫前壁下段可见孕囊或者不规则的回声区,其团块内或周边血流丰富。
, http://www.100md.com
1.2 治疗情况1例因无生育要求而直接行子宫全切术,1例行局部病灶切除术,术后均恢复良好,住院时间为11d。2例使用甲氨蝶呤(MTX) (50mg/m2)加四氢叶酸钙(5mg/m2)加米非司酮(50mg,2次/d),连续6天药物保守治疗,并绝对卧床休息。在彩超证实子宫切口局部血流明显减少或消失后行清宫术。4例刮宫术中出血患者栓塞前给予输液、输血、补充血容量和纠正休克治疗后行急诊栓塞术行子宫动脉栓塞加清宫术。
方法:局麻下采用Seldinger技术,在DSA监视下经右侧股动脉穿刺,将4F导管超选择性插入左侧髂内动脉、子宫动脉,插管成功后造影显示子宫动脉明显增粗、扭曲,子宫下段血管增多、紊乱,然后灌注MTX50mg,接着用直径1~3mm的明胶海绵颗粒栓塞双侧子宫动脉,直至子宫动脉血流缓慢后再用明胶海绵条块栓塞,再次进行造影检查显示子宫动脉及末梢闭塞。右侧子宫动脉插管采用导管成襻技术,栓塞方法同左侧,术毕拔管,局部加压包扎10~30min。
, 百拇医药
1例患者因血β-HCG水平较低未行刮宫术,3例患者栓塞36 h后在超声监视下行负压吸引人工流产术。
2 结 果
8例患者均治愈,2例经手术治疗,2例药物治疗,住院时间较长,4例刮宫后致阴道大出血的患者栓塞后10~15min阴道出血即止。8例患者术后病理检查瘢痕处见绒毛组织,4例UAE术中出血量为20~60ml,平均30ml,无1例发生大出血,全部保留了子宫。术后每周监测血β-HCG的变化,所有患者术后3周内(10~21天)血β-HCG恢复正常。患者术后随访3个月,月经均恢复正常,未出现闭经和卵巢早衰。
3 讨 论
CSP是剖宫产术后远期潜在的严重并发症[1],是子宫肌壁间妊娠的一种特殊类型。其发病机制尚未明确,可能与孕卵运行过快、剖宫产引起子宫内膜间质蜕膜缺乏;受精卵着床,发生底蜕膜缺损;滋养细胞直接侵入子宫肌层,并不断生长,绒毛与子宫肌层粘连、植入甚至穿透子宫壁等有关[2]。目前普遍认为本病与剖宫产率升高,长效避孕率低,诊断水平提高及手术缝合方式有关,盲目行人工流产术及清宫术,可致大出血,危及患者生命,因此对剖宫产后再次妊娠患者应警惕剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠,尤其发生不规则阴道流血时,应常规做经阴道彩超检查,注意孕囊着床位置及周围血流情况。术前明确诊断对保留子宫和减少术中、术后出血有重要意义。, 百拇医药(魏佳)