骨髓基质干细胞及其应用的研究进展(2)
4 展望
MSCs的移植,尤其是自体MSCs移植克服了诸如伦理免疫排斥等问题,因此有更好的应用前景,MSCs极易在脑内存活、分化及整合,移植后并不产生炎症和免疫排斥反应,所以MSCs移植治疗局灶性脑缺血是切实可行的,但是下列问题需要进一步解决:(1)经静脉或颈动脉注射的MSCs迁移入脑内的机制,以提高MSCs进入脑内的数量;(2)MSCs在脑内迁移、分化和存活的机制及影响因素;(3)MSCs在脑内分化的神经元、胶质细胞能否取代已死亡的神经元和胶质细胞,分化的神经元能否与宿主神经元形成功能性突触联系和神经环路,它们在脑缺血损伤恢复中的地位;(4)MSCs在脑内可否产生有关神经营养因子、细胞因子及细胞外基质并参与神经功能重建;(5)将携带有关神经营养因子或细胞因子基因的载体转染MSCs,使其在缺血脑内表达神经营养因子等,从而达到治疗局灶性脑缺血的目的;(6)高效诱导MSCs体外分化的最佳方法及分化的神经元的移植对局灶性脑缺血的作用;(7)MSCs和基因治疗 骨髓基质细胞移植入脑几天内发生凋亡,那么如何提高其存活率将成为一个主要问题。Bcl-2基因是细胞凋亡的重要抑制基因,近年发现它在脑缺血中表达并在其中起重要作用,Shimizu等研究发现,缺血诱发的bcl-2蛋白可增强脑对后继缺血的耐受性,具有神经保护作用,减少缺血神经细胞凋亡。因此可尝试利用Bcl-2基因抗骨髓基质细胞凋亡观察是否增强MSCs治疗脑梗死的效果。
, 百拇医药
参考文献
[1] Woodbury Dl. Adult rat and human bone Marrow stromal cells differentiate into Neurons. Neuro sci Res,2000,61:364-370
[2] Colter DC. Identification of asub population of rapidly self renewing adult potential adult stem cells in colonies of human marrow stromal cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2001,98:7841-7845
[3] Prockop DJ. Marrow stromal cells for nonhematoietic tissues. science,1997,276:71-74
, 百拇医药
[4] Gao J,Dennis JE,Muzic RF,et al. The dynamic invivo distribution of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells after infusion. Cells Tissues Organs,2001,169:12-20
[5] Sanchez Ramos J,Song S,Cardozo Pelaez F,et al. Adult bone marrow stromal cells diffrentiate into neural cells invitro. Exp Neurol,2000,164:247-256
[6] Brazelton TR,Rossi FMV,Keshet GI,et al. From marrow to brain:expression of neuronal phynotapes in adult mice【J】.science,2000,290:1775-1779
, 百拇医药
[7] LiY,Chen J,Wang L,et al. Treatment of stroke in rat with Intracarotid administration of marrow stromal cells【J】.Neurology,2001,56:1666-1672
[8] zhao LR,Duan WM,Reyes M,et al. Human bone marrow stem cells exhibit neural phenotypes and ameliorate neurological deficits after grafting into the ischemic brain of rats【J】.Exp Neurol,2002,74(1):11-20
[9] Wang L,Li Y,Lu D,et al. Neuro strophins promote bone marrow stromal cells(MSCs) to express neural proteins invitro【J】.Stroke,2001,32:334-339
[10] BarbashI M,Chouraqui P,Baron J. Systemic delivery of bone Marrow -derived mesenchymal stem cells to the infracted myocardium:feasibity,cell migration,and body distribution【J】. Circulation,2003,108(70):863-868, 百拇医药(张秀云)
MSCs的移植,尤其是自体MSCs移植克服了诸如伦理免疫排斥等问题,因此有更好的应用前景,MSCs极易在脑内存活、分化及整合,移植后并不产生炎症和免疫排斥反应,所以MSCs移植治疗局灶性脑缺血是切实可行的,但是下列问题需要进一步解决:(1)经静脉或颈动脉注射的MSCs迁移入脑内的机制,以提高MSCs进入脑内的数量;(2)MSCs在脑内迁移、分化和存活的机制及影响因素;(3)MSCs在脑内分化的神经元、胶质细胞能否取代已死亡的神经元和胶质细胞,分化的神经元能否与宿主神经元形成功能性突触联系和神经环路,它们在脑缺血损伤恢复中的地位;(4)MSCs在脑内可否产生有关神经营养因子、细胞因子及细胞外基质并参与神经功能重建;(5)将携带有关神经营养因子或细胞因子基因的载体转染MSCs,使其在缺血脑内表达神经营养因子等,从而达到治疗局灶性脑缺血的目的;(6)高效诱导MSCs体外分化的最佳方法及分化的神经元的移植对局灶性脑缺血的作用;(7)MSCs和基因治疗 骨髓基质细胞移植入脑几天内发生凋亡,那么如何提高其存活率将成为一个主要问题。Bcl-2基因是细胞凋亡的重要抑制基因,近年发现它在脑缺血中表达并在其中起重要作用,Shimizu等研究发现,缺血诱发的bcl-2蛋白可增强脑对后继缺血的耐受性,具有神经保护作用,减少缺血神经细胞凋亡。因此可尝试利用Bcl-2基因抗骨髓基质细胞凋亡观察是否增强MSCs治疗脑梗死的效果。
, 百拇医药
参考文献
[1] Woodbury Dl. Adult rat and human bone Marrow stromal cells differentiate into Neurons. Neuro sci Res,2000,61:364-370
[2] Colter DC. Identification of asub population of rapidly self renewing adult potential adult stem cells in colonies of human marrow stromal cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2001,98:7841-7845
[3] Prockop DJ. Marrow stromal cells for nonhematoietic tissues. science,1997,276:71-74
, 百拇医药
[4] Gao J,Dennis JE,Muzic RF,et al. The dynamic invivo distribution of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells after infusion. Cells Tissues Organs,2001,169:12-20
[5] Sanchez Ramos J,Song S,Cardozo Pelaez F,et al. Adult bone marrow stromal cells diffrentiate into neural cells invitro. Exp Neurol,2000,164:247-256
[6] Brazelton TR,Rossi FMV,Keshet GI,et al. From marrow to brain:expression of neuronal phynotapes in adult mice【J】.science,2000,290:1775-1779
, 百拇医药
[7] LiY,Chen J,Wang L,et al. Treatment of stroke in rat with Intracarotid administration of marrow stromal cells【J】.Neurology,2001,56:1666-1672
[8] zhao LR,Duan WM,Reyes M,et al. Human bone marrow stem cells exhibit neural phenotypes and ameliorate neurological deficits after grafting into the ischemic brain of rats【J】.Exp Neurol,2002,74(1):11-20
[9] Wang L,Li Y,Lu D,et al. Neuro strophins promote bone marrow stromal cells(MSCs) to express neural proteins invitro【J】.Stroke,2001,32:334-339
[10] BarbashI M,Chouraqui P,Baron J. Systemic delivery of bone Marrow -derived mesenchymal stem cells to the infracted myocardium:feasibity,cell migration,and body distribution【J】. Circulation,2003,108(70):863-868, 百拇医药(张秀云)