全脑血管造影在短暂性脑缺血发作患者病因诊断中的价值(2)
全脑血管造影检查未发现血管有明显病变的TIA，在颈内动脉系统和椎-基动脉系统均可见。这类TIA的病因可能与脑血管痉挛有关，也不排除其它原因如微血管病变、血液成分异常、心律失常等；其中脑血管痉挛所致的TIA不能忽视。我们对频发TIA且全脑血管造影检查正常者，持续应用尼莫同后，症状未再发作。
总之，全脑血管造影检查是诊断血管狭窄的金指标。不但可以确定狭窄的部位、范围、程度，也可了解粥样硬化斑块的形成，推测是软斑块或硬斑块，判断斑块的性质；也可了解颅内血管的侧支循环情况，对TIA的治疗方案的制定具有重要意义。
参考文献
[1] North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Col-laborators. Beneficial effect ofcarotid end arterectomy in symp-tomatic patients with high-grade stenosis[J]. N Engl J Med, 1991,325：445-453
[2] Weisberg LA. Clinical characteristics of transient ischemic attacks in black patients[J]. Neurology，1991,4(9)：1410-3.
[3] Spance J. Tamayo A, Diciccom M. Unstable carotid plaque[J]. CMAJ,2002,166(9)：1189-1.
[4] Wang Y, Guo D, Fu W. Is there ang relation between ischemic cerebrovascular disease and extracranial carotid stenosis[J]. Chin Med J,1998,111(6)：510-3.
[5] Spagnoli LG, Mauriello A, Sungiogi G, et al. Extracranial throm-botically active carotid plaque as a risk factor for ischemic stroke [J]. JAMA,2004,292(15)：1885-7.
[6] Ballotta E, Da Giau G, Renon L. Garotid plaque gross mor-phologs and clinical presentation： a prospective study of 457 carotid artery specimens[J]. J Surg Res 2000,89(1)：78-84.
[7] Swijndregt AD, Elbers HR, Moll Fl, et al. Cerebral ischemic dis-ease and morphometric analyses of carotid plaques[J]. Ann Vasc surg, 1999,13(5)：468-74., 百拇医药(冯来会)
总之，全脑血管造影检查是诊断血管狭窄的金指标。不但可以确定狭窄的部位、范围、程度，也可了解粥样硬化斑块的形成，推测是软斑块或硬斑块，判断斑块的性质；也可了解颅内血管的侧支循环情况，对TIA的治疗方案的制定具有重要意义。
参考文献
[1] North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Col-laborators. Beneficial effect ofcarotid end arterectomy in symp-tomatic patients with high-grade stenosis[J]. N Engl J Med, 1991,325：445-453
[2] Weisberg LA. Clinical characteristics of transient ischemic attacks in black patients[J]. Neurology，1991,4(9)：1410-3.
[3] Spance J. Tamayo A, Diciccom M. Unstable carotid plaque[J]. CMAJ,2002,166(9)：1189-1.
[4] Wang Y, Guo D, Fu W. Is there ang relation between ischemic cerebrovascular disease and extracranial carotid stenosis[J]. Chin Med J,1998,111(6)：510-3.
[5] Spagnoli LG, Mauriello A, Sungiogi G, et al. Extracranial throm-botically active carotid plaque as a risk factor for ischemic stroke [J]. JAMA,2004,292(15)：1885-7.
[6] Ballotta E, Da Giau G, Renon L. Garotid plaque gross mor-phologs and clinical presentation： a prospective study of 457 carotid artery specimens[J]. J Surg Res 2000,89(1)：78-84.
[7] Swijndregt AD, Elbers HR, Moll Fl, et al. Cerebral ischemic dis-ease and morphometric analyses of carotid plaques[J]. Ann Vasc surg, 1999,13(5)：468-74., 百拇医药(冯来会)