156例胎膜早破的临床分析
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[摘要] 目的:探讨胎膜早破对母婴的影响,分析胎膜早破的病因及相关因素,寻找正确的处理方法,降低早产儿及围生儿的死亡率,提高母婴安全。方法:对2005年1月~2007年12月胎膜早破156例及无并发症与妊娠并发症的非胎膜早破组2 118例临床资料回顾性对比分析。结果:胎膜早破组中早产儿、新生儿窒息率、围生儿死亡率、新生儿肺炎,新生儿颅内出血、脐带脱垂、产褥感染、产后出血及剖宫产率显著高于非胎膜早破组(P<0.01)。结论:加强孕期宣教及孕期检查,积极治疗和避免各种高危因素,以减少胎膜早破的发生率,对胎膜早破者,加强产前及产时监测,积极抗感染,适时终止妊娠,减少并发症的发生。
[关键词] 胎膜早破;羊水过少;早产;感染
[中图分类号] R714.43+3[文献标识码]C [文章编号]1673-7210(2008)11(c)-037-02
Clinical analysis of 156 cases of premature rupture of membrane
LU Tou-feng
(Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, Zhuzhou412000, China)
[Abstract] Objective: To discuss the effect of premature rupture of membrane on mother and child; analyze the causes of premature rupture of membrane and some related factors; find correct solutions to dealing with them, then to reduce the mortality of premature and perinatal infants; improve the safety of mother and infant. Methods: To make retrospective andcomparative analysis of the clinical data of 156 cases of premature rupture of membrane and 2 118 cases of non-premature rupture of membrane from January 2005 to December 2007. Results: In the group of premature rupture of membrane,the asphyxia rates of premature and new-born infants,the perinatal mortality, the rates of newborns' intracranial hemorrhage, umbilical cord prolapse, puerperal infection, postpartum hemorrhage and cesarean section were evidently higher than those in the group of non-premature rupture of membrane group (P<0.01). Conclusion: To strengthen the propaganda and inspection during the gestation period, treat it actively and avoid all kinds of high-risk factors, in order to reduce the rates of premature rupture of membrane. Patients with fetal membranes' early break strengthen monitoring before and during childbirth, resist infection positively, terminate the pregnancy at the right moment and reduce the occurrence of complications.
[Key words] Premature rupture of membrane; Premature delivery; Hypamnion; Infection
胎膜早破的定义是胎膜破裂发生于临产前、足月前胎膜早破是胎膜破裂发生于妊娠不满37周者[1]。胎膜早破属于病理产科之一,是常见的分娩并发症之一,且是早产及围生儿死亡的常见原因之一,因对围生儿结局非常重要受到产科界重视,采取有效的措施将直接影响母婴的预后。现将我院3年收治的156例胎膜早破进行回顾性分析。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
2005年1月~2007年12月,在我院分娩的产妇2 118例,同期发生胎膜早破的156例,其中,经产妇21例,初产妇135例,无并发症及妊娠合并症的产妇2 118组作为对照组,其中初产妇1 886例,经产妇232例。
1.2诊断标准[2]
根据临床表现孕妇突感阴道流液,可混有胎脂及胎粪;增加腹压羊水自阴道流出;肛查:推抬头或压宫底阴道内有液体流出;阴道液pH>6.5弱碱性;症状不典型做阴道涂片检查:显微镜下见到羊齿植物叶状结晶;结合B超:羊水过少。
1.3方法
胎膜早破孕妇均左侧卧位,未入盆者抬高臀部卧位,保持外阴清洁。抗生素预防感染,临产后进入待产室,观察产程,产前30~60 min听胎心一次,产时每15分钟记录胎心及宫缩一次,发现异常及时处理。宫口开全进入产房,<35孕周的用地塞米松促胎肺成熟,予硫酸镁、舒喘灵抑制宫缩,胎心电子监护进行宫缩应激试验,动态胎儿生物物理评分,了解胎儿宫内情况。
1.4统计学方法
采用χ2检验。
2结果
2.1胎膜早破距临产时间
胎膜早破12 h临产者126例,占80.8%;12~24 h临产者10例,占6.4%;24 h后临产者20例,占12.8%。
2.2胎膜早破分娩方式
156例头位胎膜早破中阴道分娩96例,占61.5%,对照组阴道分娩1 515例,占71.53%。
2.3胎膜早破组与非胎膜早破组的母婴并发症比较
见表1。
3讨论
3.1胎膜早破的病因
目前还不能完全确定胎膜早破的病因,也没有更确切的方法预测胎膜早破,通常认为与感染、胎膜结构异常、胎位异常、宫腔压力异常及流产、引产后宫颈损伤继发炎症 ......
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