中药致过敏性休克的文献分析及防治原则(1)
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[摘要] 目的：通过分析中药引起过敏性休克的相关因素，为合理用药提供参考。方法：收集1997～2007年《药物不良反应杂志》报道的有关过敏性休克的病例资料，进行整理、汇总、分析。结果：可导致过敏性休克的中药中，穿琥宁注射液居首位，占21.43%，葛根素注射液次之，占12.50%；给药途径以静脉用药发生率最高，占92.85%；发生时间以速发型过敏性休克多见；过敏性休克的发生与性别、年龄无关。结论：临床用药前应详细询问过敏史，严格用药指征，选择合适的给药途径，备齐抢救设备，仔细观察用药后反应，以确保用药安全。
[关键词] 中药；过敏性休克；文献分析；防治
[中图分类号] R969.3 [文献标识码]B[文章编号]1673-7211(2009)01(a)-114-03
Literature analysis, prevention and treatment of anaphylactic shock induced by traditional Chinese medicines
CHEN Yan1, JIANG Meng2
(1.Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing210009, China; 2. Hospital of TCM of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing210029, China)
[Abstract] Objective: To analyze connected factors caused by traditional Chinese medicines in anaphylactic shock for rational use of drugs. Methods: Reports of anaphylactic shock published at the magazine of Drug Adverse Reaction during 1997-2007 were sorted out and investigated. Results: In anaphylactic shock induced by traditional Chinese medicines, the most easily inducing one was Chuanhuning injection, accounted for 24.43%，Gegensu injection accounted for 12.50%. The shock induced by intravenous administration occupied the first place， accounted for 92.85%. Immediate hypersensitivity reaction was the common type of anaphylactic shock. It was not related to sex and age of patients. Conclusion: Allergic history should be taken in detail before the clinical use, the indications of drug use strictly controlled. We must select the suited route of administration and prepare the salvaing equipments. The adverse reactions also should be observed carefully so as to ensure the safe use of drugs.
[Key words] Traditional Chinese medicines; Anaphylactic shock; Literature analysis; Prevention and treatment
中药在我国长达数千年的医疗保健史上一直发挥着重要的作用，时至今日，已经迅速发展并被广泛地应用在治疗的各个方面，中药治病之所以被延续并发展至今，与其良好的临床疗效分不开，更因为它被认为是安全的药物，但是由于加工工艺以及患者的自身情况，中药及其制剂的过敏时有发生，严重的导致过敏性休克甚至死亡。为探讨中药致过敏性休克的发生规律、特点，笔者对相关报道进行检索，并简要分析如下：
1 资料分析
1.1资料来源
收集《药物不良反应杂志》1997～2007年有关中药引起过敏性休克的 40 篇个案报道，对涉及的 56 例患者资料进行整理、汇总、分析。
1.2 结果
1.2.1 在56例病例中，休克例数、性别、过敏史及死亡例数等见表1。
表1一般资料(例)
1.2.2 休克病例各年龄段分布见表2。
表2 各年龄段分布
1.2.3 休克所涉及的药物品种及分布见表3。
表3 休克所涉及的药物品种及分布
(续表3)
表3 休克所涉及的药物品种及分布
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