子宫广泛切除术后尿潴留发生原因及护理干预
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[摘要] 目的:探讨子宫广泛切除术后尿潴留发生原因分析及护理干预。方法:宫颈癌患者80例,子宫广泛切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术40例,次广泛全宫切除术40例,按术后尿潴留护理方法不同,随机分为试验组和对照组各40例。结果:广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术组尿潴留12例(30.0%),低于次广泛全宫切除术组尿潴留5例(12.5%)(χ2=3.98,P<0.05);试验组残余尿量(100±15) ml,明显低于对照组的(400±50) ml(t=65.12,P<0.01);试验组尿潴留6例(15.0%),明显低于对照组的11例(27.5%)(χ2=3.78,P<0.05)。结论:护理干预对术后自主排尿功能的恢复及尿潴留的预防起重要作用。
[关键词] 子宫切除术;尿潴留;原因;护理干预
[中图分类号] R473.71[文献标识码]C [文章编号]1673-7210(2009)02(a)-091-02
Nursing intervention and cause of urine retention by extensive abdominal hysterectomy
XIE Xiao-ping
(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Songgang People's Hospital of Bao'an District, Shenzhen518105, China)
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the nursing intervention and cause of urine retention by extensive abdominal hysterectomy. Methods: 80 cases of cervical cancer patients,a extensive abdominal hysterectomy plus pelvic lymph node dissection in 40 cases,sub-extensive abdominal hysterectomy in 40 cases,according to different methods of postoperative care were randomly divided into test and control groups in all 40 cases. Results: The extensive abdominal hysterectomy plus pelvic lymph node dissection 12 cases of urinary retention(30.0%)lower than the sub-extensive abdominal hysterectomy 5 cases of urinary retention urinary (12.5%)(χ2=3.98, P<0.05); The amount of residual urine of test group(100±15) ml was significantly lower than control group(400±50) ml(t=65.12, P<0.01); the urinary retention of test group 6 cases(15.0%)lower than the control group 11 cases(27.5%)(χ2=3.78, P<0.05). Conclusion: Nursing intervention to their own emiction function and urinary retention plays an important role in patients with abdominal hysterectomy.
[Key words] Abdominal hysterectomy; Urine retention; Reason; Nursing intervention
宫颈癌患者常规行子宫广泛切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术,术后均有不同程度的膀胱功能障碍,导致术后尿潴留,其发生率达50%[1]。它可导致膀胱过度膨胀和永久的逼尿肌损伤,增加尿路感染的机会,本文对80例实行次广泛子宫切除和广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术的患者术后出现尿潴留进行了分析和有效的护理,取得了良好的效果,现报道如下:
1资料与方法
1.1临床资料
收集2004年5月~2006年12月,我院共收治宫颈癌Ⅰb~Ⅱa患者80例,实行子宫广泛切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术40例,次广泛全宫切除术40例。按术后尿潴留护理方法不同,随机分为试验组和对照组各40例,两组在年龄、病理分期、肿瘤恶性程度、麻醉及手术方法等一般资料上具有可比性(P>0.05)。
1.2方法
1.2.1对照组患者术后留置导尿管,拔管前3 d定期开放导尿管预防尿潴留,输液期间、饮水多时每2小时开放1次,夜间输液结束后每3~4小时开放1次。
1.2.2试验组采取系统膀胱功能训练:①盆底肌肉训练:指导患者于术前3 d开始分别取半坐卧位、坐位、站立位行尿道、阴道、肛门括约肌的收缩和舒张锻炼,3 次/d,5~10 min/次;锻炼膀胱括约肌和逼尿肌的收缩协调能力。②腹肌训练,可行仰卧起坐和仰卧抬腿法,按患者实际情况量力而行,每日3~4次。③留置导尿管拔管前3 d,根据患者的尿意或膀胱充盈度来决定放尿时间。两组均于术后15 d拔出尿管,在第一次排尿后立即导尿,测定膀胱内残余尿量。
1.3观察指标
①排尿困难。尿不易排出或排尿费力,尿流变细,射程短,尿流中断或淋漓不尽。②残余尿测定。膀胱充盈并排尿后,立即导尿测定并记录膀胱内残余尿量 ......
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