医院内感染的检测与分析(1)
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[摘要] 目的:讨论我院的医院感染临床特点和病原菌类型,为预防与控制医院感染提供科学理论依据。方法:采用前瞻性和回顾性调查方法,对我院2008年1~9月住院患者的医院感染进行统计学分析。结果:医院感染率为2.99%,重症监护病房(ICU)感染率最高,为11.41%;感染部位以呼吸道为主;医院感染的病原菌中革兰阴性杆菌占62.10%,真菌占12.33%,革兰阳性球菌占25.57%;肠球菌属的发生率逐渐增加。结论:加强医护人员培训、严格执行无菌技术、减少侵入性操作、提高手卫生的执行率、合理使用抗感染药物,是降低医院感染的有效措施。
[关键词] 医院感染;调查分析;危险因素;病原菌;抗菌药物
[中图分类号] R19[文献标识码]A [文章编号]1673-7210(2009)05(c)-023-02
Investigation and analysis of nosocomial infection
SUN Kewei, LIAN Li, ZHANG Gedong
(Angang General Hospital, Anshan114002, China)
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the clinical features of nosocomial infection and the types of pathogens in our hospital, and provide theoretical basis for preventing and controlling nosocomial infection. Methods: The nosocomial infection of hospitalized patients in our hospital from January to September 2008 was statistically analyzed with prospective and retrospective review. Results: The nosocomial infection rate was 2.99%. The infection rate in ICU was the highest (11.41%). The main infection site was respiratory tract. Among pathogens isolated from nosocomial cases, 62.10% were Gram-negative bacteria, 12.33% were fungus, and 25.57% were Gram-positive bacteria. The incidence rate of enterococci was gradually increased. Conclusion: There are many effective actions to reduce the nosocomial infection, such as strengthening the medical training, carrying out the aseptic technology strictly, reducing the invasive operation, raising the executable rate of hand hygiene, and using the antibacterial drug reasonably.
[Key words] Nosocomial infection; Investigation and analysis; Risk factors; Pathogens; Antibacterial drug
医院内感染是影响医疗质量的重要因素之一,也是衡量一个医院总体医疗水平、硬件设施配置及软件管理水准的重要量化指标。为了加强医院感染管理,提高医院感染检测水平,掌握住院患者医院感染的特点,提供科学的管理依据,以制订有效的措施,预防与控制临床科室医院感染的发生。笔者对2008年1~9月我院13 058例住院患者进行了前瞻性和回顾性相结合的调查分析,结果如下:
1 一般资料
资料来源为2008年1~9月我院各临床科室每月院内感染报表,并回顾性调查所有的出院病例,按《医院感染诊断标准(2001)》及《医院感染管理办法(卫生部2006)》所确定的方法进行医院感染病例诊断、病原菌监测、耐药菌药敏试验及抗生素使用情况监测[1]。
2 结果
2.1 医院感染率
2008年1~9月我院出院患者共13 058例,其中发生医院感染390例,医院感染率为2.99%;医院感染例次为436例次,感染例次率为3.34%。其中,37例存在双重感染,占感染数的9.49%;9例存在三重感染,占 2.31%。2008年1~9月未发生无菌手术切口感染。
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