紫杉中紫杉烷和双黄酮类成分的薄层色谱鉴别(1)
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[摘要] 目的：建立紫杉药材中紫杉烷类和双黄酮类成分的薄层色谱鉴别法。方法：以紫杉宁为对照品，石油醚-乙酸乙酯-丙酮-甲醇(8∶2∶2∶1)为展开剂系统，用硅胶G板鉴别紫杉烷类成分；以金松双黄酮和银杏双黄酮为对照品，石油醚-乙酸乙酯-甲醇(4∶1∶1)为展开剂系统，用聚酰胺薄膜鉴别双黄酮类成分。结果：本方法斑点清晰，重复性好，并可将紫杉区别于一些松、杉、柏类植物的枝叶。结论：本方法简便，快速，可用于紫杉药材的质量控制。
[关键词] 紫杉；薄层色谱鉴别；紫杉宁；金松双黄酮；银杏双黄酮
[中图分类号] R931.5 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1673-7210(2011)07(b)-098-03
TLC identification of the taxanes and biflavonoids in Taxus cuspidata
GU Jiaojiao, TONG Xin, YUAN Jiuzhi, MA Xiaojia, LIU Xiaoqiu
School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
[Abstract] Objective: To establish the TLC identification method of taxanes and biflavonoids in Taxus cuspidata. Methods: Taxanes identification method was presented on silica gel plate, with taxinine as reference substance, the system of a mixture of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-acetone-methanol as developing solvent. And biflavonoids identification method was presented on polyamide film, with sciadopitysin and ginkegetin as reference substance, the system of a mixture of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol as developing solvent. Results: The established methods had good reproducibility and the spots were distinct. And the new methods could also distinguish Taxus cuspidata from some kindred plant such as Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Cupressaceae Plant. Conclusion: The methods are simple and fast, which can be used as quality control methods of Taxus cuspidata.
[Key words] Taxus cuspidata; TLC identification; Taxinine; Sciadopitysin; Ginkegetin
紫杉为红豆杉科红豆杉属植物东北红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc.)的枝和叶。《中药大辞典》记载，具有利尿、通经，治肾脏病、糖尿病等功效[1]。其化学成分主要为紫杉烷二萜类成分如紫杉宁、紫杉醇、短叶醇等，双黄酮类成分如金松双黄酮和银杏双黄酮等。现代药理研究表明，紫杉烷类化合物具有独特的抗癌活性及抗氧化应激作用[2-4]，紫杉中的双黄酮类成分对小鼠S180荷瘤、H22肝癌和Lewis肺癌等实体癌均有抑制作用，还具有清除体内自由基作用[5-6]。
由于从红豆杉科红豆杉属植物的树皮中发现了紫杉醇这一著名的抗肿瘤天然产物，红豆杉属植物成为近年来的研究热点，从红豆杉树皮中提取紫杉醇对该植物造成极大破坏，因此对红豆杉的研究也逐渐转向其可再生的枝叶等部位。目前《黑龙江省中药材标准》(2001年版)收载紫杉的药材标准，药用部位即为其枝叶，但仅有性状项，无鉴别项，且尚无有效的紫杉药材的薄层色谱鉴别报道。为了有效控制紫杉的质量和提高药材的质量标准，本文对紫杉的薄层鉴别法进行了实验研究。同时，将紫杉与一些松科、杉科、柏科等植物也进行了共薄层比较鉴别。
1 仪器与材料
ZF-1三用紫外分析仪(上海精科实业有限公司)、SG3200H超声波清洗器(上海冠特超声仪器有限公司)、硅胶G(青岛海洋化工厂)、聚酰胺薄膜(浙江省台州市路桥四甲生化塑料厂) ......
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