脑血管病患者出院的康复及心理指导(1)
[摘要] 脑出血是中老年人的常见病和多发病,病死率较高,抢救成功的幸存者大多留有残疾,多数患者具有多种心理障碍。对出院的脑血管病患者进行出院指导,是对患者实施规范护理的重要组成部分。脑出血患者应遵循出院指导,运用恰当的调养方法,连续治疗,进行科学的康复训练和积极有效的心理指导。同时应将音乐治疗作为脑血管病患者出院指导内容之一,施以科学严谨的筛选,指导患者的同时对患者家属也进行个别指导,使其加强对音乐疗法临床护理效果的认识。由于音乐疗法因人、因环境而定,因此,音乐治疗的方式和音乐旋律的选择对不同患者的康复及身心健康具有十分重要的意义。
[关键词] 脑血管病患者;康复训练;心理指导;音乐治疗
[中图分类号] R49 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2011)11(a)-128-02
, 百拇医药 Rehabilitation and psychological guidance of patients with cerebrovascular disease
CUI Qing1, WANG Yue2
1.Zhaoqing Medical College, Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing 526060, China; 2.Conservatory of Music, South China Normal University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, China
[Abstract] Cerebral hemorrhage is a common and frequently-occurring disease in old people. Its mortality is high, and disabilities are left with most of the survivors after successful rescuing. Moreover, the majority of patients have various mental disorders. Post-discharge guidance is the important component of the normative nursing for the discharged patients. The discharged cerebral hemorrhage patients should follow the post-discharge guidance, using the appropriate rehabilitation method, continuing treatment, keeping scientific rehabilitation training and accepting the positive and effective psychological guidance. At the same time, music therapy should be taken as one component of the post-discharge guidance too, which should be screened scientifically and seriously. Meanwhile, the family members of the patients should also be individually guided and pay attention to the knowledge of the music therapy effect on clinical nursing. The music therapy is determined from person to person, circumstance to circumstance, the selection of the style and music melody of the music therapy is very important to rehabilitation, physical and mental health of different patients.
, 百拇医药
[Key words] Cerebral hemorrhage patients; Rehabilitation training; Psychological guidance; Music therapy
随着我国人均寿命的延长,脑血管疾病的发病率增加,严重威胁着人类的健康。脑血管病因其发病、致残、致死、复发率高,而使人望而生畏,发病后患者易产生各种心理障碍,不利于疾病的康复。对脑血管病患者进行出院指导,是对患者实施整体护理的重要组成部分。我院通过对脑血管病患者进行出院指导,使患者的康复训练和护理没有因出院而中断,保持了连续性,降低了患者的残疾程度,对提高患者的生活质量十分有利。音乐治疗在我国已初步开展,治疗的领域也不断扩大,其中,对脑血管疾病患者使用音乐治疗,通过音乐的特质对人的影响,可协助患者在疾病治疗或康复过程中达到生理、心理、情绪的整合[1],且针对脑血管病患者恢复的程度,所采取的音乐治疗方法和选择的音乐旋律是有区别的。笔者与临床长期从事神经内科护理工作的护士长合作,从理论到临床实践,对100例脑血管病患者进行了出院指导,现报道如下:
, 百拇医药
1 临床资料
选取2003~2010年我院经CT检查确诊为脑血管疾病的患者100例,其中,男61例,女39例;平均年龄60岁;脑血栓41例,脑出血59例。出院时均遗留有不同程度的肢体功能障碍。
2 出院康复指导方法
2.1 通过光盘和卡片进行宣传
①将脑血管病防治及护理知识编写成通俗易懂的科普文章,供患者阅读;②编制简单的情境剧,制成光盘,定期给患者播放,使患者在住院期间,了解脑血管病的防治、护理知识;③将肢体功能训练方法,配上音乐和口令制成训练体操,给患者适时播放,并在专职护士的指导下,让患者随口令一起做操;④将食物的各种成分制成卡片,在出院指导时发给患者,以便为其回家后的饮食配餐作参考。
2.2 制定出院康复指导计划和家属的协助护理
, 百拇医药
护士在患者出院前2 d应充分做好出院指导准备工作,如认真阅读病历、检查报告单,征求主治医生对出院指导的意见和复诊须知,从而结合患者的心理特征和病情恢复情况,制定有针对性的书面出院指导计划,并通知患者家属来院。护士要让患者家属明白患者返家后的心理指导、康复训练及日常护理将由家属共同承担、协助,并详细介绍患者出院后继续采取的训练方法及进行协助的内容,并手把手的示教,仔细讲解康复训练的书面计划内容。心理护理是患者能否积极配合康复训练的有效动力,音乐治疗是患者康复训练的调味剂,康复训练的好坏将直接影响患者的预后,只有家属重视,积极协作,持之以恒,掌握工作要领,才能使患者取得良好的康复效果。
3 出院康复指导内容
3.1 心理卫生指导, 百拇医药(崔清 王玥)
[关键词] 脑血管病患者;康复训练;心理指导;音乐治疗
[中图分类号] R49 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2011)11(a)-128-02
, 百拇医药 Rehabilitation and psychological guidance of patients with cerebrovascular disease
CUI Qing1, WANG Yue2
1.Zhaoqing Medical College, Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing 526060, China; 2.Conservatory of Music, South China Normal University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, China
[Abstract] Cerebral hemorrhage is a common and frequently-occurring disease in old people. Its mortality is high, and disabilities are left with most of the survivors after successful rescuing. Moreover, the majority of patients have various mental disorders. Post-discharge guidance is the important component of the normative nursing for the discharged patients. The discharged cerebral hemorrhage patients should follow the post-discharge guidance, using the appropriate rehabilitation method, continuing treatment, keeping scientific rehabilitation training and accepting the positive and effective psychological guidance. At the same time, music therapy should be taken as one component of the post-discharge guidance too, which should be screened scientifically and seriously. Meanwhile, the family members of the patients should also be individually guided and pay attention to the knowledge of the music therapy effect on clinical nursing. The music therapy is determined from person to person, circumstance to circumstance, the selection of the style and music melody of the music therapy is very important to rehabilitation, physical and mental health of different patients.
, 百拇医药
[Key words] Cerebral hemorrhage patients; Rehabilitation training; Psychological guidance; Music therapy
随着我国人均寿命的延长,脑血管疾病的发病率增加,严重威胁着人类的健康。脑血管病因其发病、致残、致死、复发率高,而使人望而生畏,发病后患者易产生各种心理障碍,不利于疾病的康复。对脑血管病患者进行出院指导,是对患者实施整体护理的重要组成部分。我院通过对脑血管病患者进行出院指导,使患者的康复训练和护理没有因出院而中断,保持了连续性,降低了患者的残疾程度,对提高患者的生活质量十分有利。音乐治疗在我国已初步开展,治疗的领域也不断扩大,其中,对脑血管疾病患者使用音乐治疗,通过音乐的特质对人的影响,可协助患者在疾病治疗或康复过程中达到生理、心理、情绪的整合[1],且针对脑血管病患者恢复的程度,所采取的音乐治疗方法和选择的音乐旋律是有区别的。笔者与临床长期从事神经内科护理工作的护士长合作,从理论到临床实践,对100例脑血管病患者进行了出院指导,现报道如下:
, 百拇医药
1 临床资料
选取2003~2010年我院经CT检查确诊为脑血管疾病的患者100例,其中,男61例,女39例;平均年龄60岁;脑血栓41例,脑出血59例。出院时均遗留有不同程度的肢体功能障碍。
2 出院康复指导方法
2.1 通过光盘和卡片进行宣传
①将脑血管病防治及护理知识编写成通俗易懂的科普文章,供患者阅读;②编制简单的情境剧,制成光盘,定期给患者播放,使患者在住院期间,了解脑血管病的防治、护理知识;③将肢体功能训练方法,配上音乐和口令制成训练体操,给患者适时播放,并在专职护士的指导下,让患者随口令一起做操;④将食物的各种成分制成卡片,在出院指导时发给患者,以便为其回家后的饮食配餐作参考。
2.2 制定出院康复指导计划和家属的协助护理
, 百拇医药
护士在患者出院前2 d应充分做好出院指导准备工作,如认真阅读病历、检查报告单,征求主治医生对出院指导的意见和复诊须知,从而结合患者的心理特征和病情恢复情况,制定有针对性的书面出院指导计划,并通知患者家属来院。护士要让患者家属明白患者返家后的心理指导、康复训练及日常护理将由家属共同承担、协助,并详细介绍患者出院后继续采取的训练方法及进行协助的内容,并手把手的示教,仔细讲解康复训练的书面计划内容。心理护理是患者能否积极配合康复训练的有效动力,音乐治疗是患者康复训练的调味剂,康复训练的好坏将直接影响患者的预后,只有家属重视,积极协作,持之以恒,掌握工作要领,才能使患者取得良好的康复效果。
3 出院康复指导内容
3.1 心理卫生指导, 百拇医药(崔清 王玥)