早产108例的病因及对母婴影响的临床分析(1)
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[摘要] 目的：探讨早产的病因以及对母婴的影响。方法：对2008 年1月~2011 年1月我院住院分娩的108 例早产病例和同期住院的108 例足月分娩病例资料进行回顾性分析，分析早产的病因，就两组病例对母婴的影响进行对比分析。结果：胎膜早破、感染、妊娠期高血压疾病、胎盘因素是引起早产的主要危险因素；早产产妇的新生儿窒息、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)、低体重儿发生率、围生儿死亡发生率明显高于足月分娩的产妇(P<0.01)；两组病例对母亲的影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：早产病因复杂，积极预防早产是降低围生儿死亡率的重要措施。
[关键词] 早产；病因；预后
[中图分类号] R714.21 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-7210(2011)12(b)-184-03
Clinical analysis of etiology and effects on mater and neonate of 108 cases of premature delivery
WEI Huali, TIAN Shuo
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, China Meitan General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China
[Abstract] Objective: To study the etiology and effects on mater and neonate of premature delivery. Methods: It was a retrospective study. Total 108 cases of premature delivery and 108 cases of term delivery admitted from January 2008 to January 2011 in our hospital were enrolled to analyze the etiology of premature delivery, the effects on mater and neonate of two groups were compared. Results: Premature rupture of membrane, infection, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and placenta factors were the main risk factors. The rates of neonate asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, low birth weight and perinatal mortality in premature delivery group were significantly higher than those in term delivery group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in effects on mater between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The etiology of pre-mature delivery is complex. It's an important measure to reduce the perinatal mortality through preventing premature delivery.
[Key words] Premature delivery; Etiology; Prognosis
早产(premature delivery)是指妊娠满28周至不足37周(196～258 d)间分娩者。此时娩出的新生儿称早产儿(premature infant)，出生体重在1 000～2 499 g[1]，其发生率为5%～15%。75%以上的围生儿死亡与早产有关，存活的早产儿常合并有严重的疾病，如呼吸窘迫综合征、呼吸暂停、感染、坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)、脑室出血、颅脑发育异常、硬肿症等。远期有不同类型和不同程度的脑瘫、视、听功能异常以及精神神经发育疾病及慢性病趋势，如冠心病、高血压病、糖尿病等，使家庭乃至社会负担增加[2]。本文对2008 年1 月~2011年1月在我院分娩的108 例早产病例进行临床回顾性分析，讨论发生早产的危险因素、对母儿的影响及防治，从而降低围生儿死亡率和提高其生命质量。现报道如下：
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2008年1月～2011年1月在我院住院分娩产妇2 376 例，早产108 例(早产组)，早产率为4.55%。其中，双胎14 例，单胎94 例；初产妇89 例，经产妇19 例；年龄19~42岁 ......
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