危害基层医院医护人员职业健康的调查分析(1)
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[摘要] 目的：针对东莞某基层医院医护人员职业健康的原因进行调查分析，寻找影响医护人员压力及满意水平的原因。方法：对临床医护人员所在科室的医生及护士进行问卷调查，工作压力、工作满意度等指标采用Likert 5级分类法，对调查结果分析影响医护人员压力及满意水平的原因。结果：通过选择9个科室201名医护人员调查，表示工作压力大的占82.58%，对工作很满意的占4.48%，反应了医护人员的工作风险和压力大，满意度低。结论：临床医护人员每天接触各种患者，工作节奏快、任务繁重，加之病区每天有大量感染因素、不良环境因素的存在，这不可避免地对医护人员造成危害，影响了医护人员的职业健康。
[关键词] 基层医院；医护人员；职业健康；对策
[中图分类号] R192 [文献标识码] C [文章编号] 1673-7210(2012)01(a)-126-02
Investigation and analysis of factors on the damaging occupational health of medical staffs in primary hospitals
LU Qiuling
Zhangmutou Hospital of Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, Dongguan 523633, China
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate and analyze the factors on influencing the occupational health of medical staffs in one primary hospital of Dongguan city, to find out the reasons on influencing the stress and satisfaction level of medical staffs. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted between the doctors and nurses in the department of clinical medical. Indicators such as work stress and work satisfaction were investigated by the 5-grade Likert classification method. The results were analyzed to find out the reasons influencing the stress and satisfaction level of medical staffs. Results: the 201 medical staffs were selected from 9 departments, 82.58% expressed high work stress while only 4.48% were satisfied with work, indicated that medical staffs had high work risk and stress and low satisfaction. Conclusion: Clinical medical staffs contact various patients with fast-paced work and heavy workload everyday, and there are a large number of infection factors and adverse environmental factors in the ward every day, which inevitably cause harm to the medical staffs and influence their occupational health.
[Key words] Primary hospital; Medical staffs; Occupational health; Measures
基层医院医护人员的服务对象是广大的人民群众，他们的压力情况与对工作满意度情况对提高医疗护理水平和质量具有至关重要的作用。本研究对东莞某基层医院医护人员的压力情况及工作满意度进行了调查，并分析影响医护人员压力及工作满意水平的原因。有研究显示，从医护人员的健康状况来看，任务越重，心理及躯体紧张反应程度越高，个人应变能力越差，患病几率越高[1]。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
笔者选择了9个科室201名医护人员(调查组)，其中，医生65人，护士136人；男44人，女157人；平均年龄(37.12±8.85)岁；工作年限为1~30年，平均(10.55±9.55)年；每周工作时间为38~55 h。科室构成：内科22人，占10.9%；儿科27人，占13.4%；外一科18人，占8.9%；外二科22人，占10.9%；外三科15人，占7.5%；妇产科39人，占19.4%；手术室16人，占8.0%；ICU14人 ......
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